甘蔗花粉离体萌发研究

为筛选适宜栽培种甘蔗花粉离体萌发的培养基配方,建立有效的离体萌发体系,以糖用甘蔗主栽品种ROC22花粉为材料,通过单因素试验探索满足甘蔗花粉离体萌发的基本条件,然后利用L₁₆(4 ⁵)正交试验,寻求甘蔗花粉离体萌发的最适宜培养基配方,在此基础上进一步探讨不同温度对甘蔗花粉萌发的影响。在单因素试验中,培养基以刚好凝固时为最佳。蔗糖、硼酸和硝酸钙在一定范围内对甘蔗花粉萌发起促进作用,超过一定浓度则起抑制作用。硫酸镁作用不稳定,硝酸钾影响较小。正交试验中,蔗糖对甘蔗花粉离体萌发率和花粉管生长速率影响最大,呈显著水平,硼酸次之,硫酸镁影响最小。花粉萌发的适宜温度为30 ℃,萌发率和花粉管长度分别为89.83%和143.03 μm。200 g/L蔗糖+400 mg/L硼酸+100 mg/L硝酸钙+400 mg/L硫酸镁+1 g/L琼脂,在30 ℃下培养花粉萌发率最高,花粉管生长状态良好,这种方法可快速有效鉴定不同甘蔗花粉活力差异。

Sugarcane Pollen Germination in vitro

The pollens of sugarcane cultivar ROC22 were used as the main experimental material to seek for the basic conditions of the pollen germination in vitro by a single factor experiment, and the most appropriate culture medium formula was explored by an orthogonal experiment L₁₆(4 ⁵) in order to investigate the effects on sugarcane pollen germination under different temperatures. In the single factor experiment, the culture medium solidified slightly had the best effect. In certain range of concentration, sucrose, boric acid and calcium nitrate might promote pollen germination and inhibit pollen germination over the critical concentration. In addition, magnesium sulfate worked unsteadily, and the effect of potassium nitrate was little. In the orthogonal experiment, sucrose influenced significantly on the pollen germination rate in vitro and the pollen tube growth rate, boric acid took the second place, magnesium sulfate had little effect. The optimum temperature for pollen germination was 30 ℃, the pollen germination rate was 89.93% and the pollen tube length was 143.03 μm. It is concluded that, under 30 ℃, the pollen had the highest germination rate and the pollen tube grew well using the best culture medium formulas (200 g/L sucrose, 400 mg/L boric acid, 100 mg/L calcium nitrate, 400 mg/L magnesium sulfate and 1 g/L agar), which might help to identify the difference of various sugarcane pollen efficiently.