武夷名丛茶树种质资源叶片解剖结构分析

为了鉴定评价武夷山茶区地方茶树种质资源叶片解剖结构特征,以70份武夷名丛茶树种质叶片为材料,对其解剖结构及特性进行比较分析。结果表明：70份武夷名丛的17个叶片解剖结构性状存在比较丰富的遗传变异,平均遗传多样性指数为1.85,平均变异系数为17.64%;总体表现出较强的抗逆性,抗旱、抗病虫性平均隶属函数均值和抗寒性平均得分分别为0.40、0.39、1.28;大多数武夷名丛适制乌龙茶或绿茶,少数适制红茶或红绿茶兼制;平均生产力指数为2648.85,潜在生产力总体较高;基于叶片解剖结构指标进行聚类分析,将70份武夷名丛划分为3个类群,3个类群之间除了上下表皮角质层厚度、上表皮与海绵组织厚度比及草酸钙结晶数差异不显著外,其他解剖结构性状均存在显著甚至极显著差异;主成分分析表明,前4个主成分的特征值大于1且代表了17个叶片解剖结构指标84.26%的信息;根据主成分及其对应特征值计算各武夷名丛的综合得分,排在前10位的武夷名丛综合性状优良,可在乌龙茶产品的开发与创新利用、茶树优良品种选育等方面加以利用。研究结果旨在为武夷山地方优异茶树种质资源的鉴定与利用、新品种选育提供参考。

Analysis of Leaf Anatomical Structure of Wuyi Mingcong Tea Germplasm Resources

In order to identify and evaluate the leaf anatomical characteristics of tea germplasm resources in Wuyi Mountain tea region, the leaves of 70 Wuyi Mingcong tea germplasms were used as the materials for the comparative analysis of the anatomical structures and characteristics. There was abundant genetic variability in the 17 anatomical structure traits of the leaves of the 70 Wuyi Mingcong, with an average genetic diversity index of 1.85 and an average coefficient of variation of 17.64%. Strong stress resistance was found for all the germplasms. The mean value of the average membership function of drought resistance, disease and insect resistance and the average score of the cold resistance was 0.40, 0.39 and 1.28, respectively. Most of them were suited for making Oolong tea or green tea, while a few were suited for making black tea or both black and green tea. The average productivity index was 2648.85, indicating a higher potential productivity. The cluster analysis based on the anatomical structure traits of leaves showed that the 70 Wuyi Mingcong were divided into three groups. In addition to the thickness of upper and lower epidermis cuticle, the thickness ratio of upper epidermis to sponge tissue and the crystal number of calcium oxalate, other anatomical structure traits showed significantly or extremely significant difference among the three groups. The principal component analysis showed that the characteristic value of the former four principal components were bigger than one and represented 84.26% of the information of 17 anatomical structure traits of leaves. The composite scores of each Wuyi Mingcong were calculated based on the principal component and their corresponding characteristic value. The top ten Wuyi Mingcong had excellent comprehensive characters, which could be used in the development and innovative utilization of Oolong tea products, the selection and breeding of excellent tea varieties. The results were expected to provide references for the identification and utilization of local excellent tea germplasm resources and the breeding of new varieties in Wuyi Mountain.