丰抗号小麦的选育和若干性状选择的探讨

本文对抗锈、越冬、抗倒伏、熟期和籽粒灌浆等性状的选择进行了探讨.研究结果表明:①正确选配亲本对选育优良品种具有重要的意义.洛夫林10号对锈病和白粉病的抗性突出,且遗传传递力强,在灌浆和落黄等特性的传递方面表现也好.有芒红7号不仅越冬性好,遗传传递力强,而且是一个配合力较强的早熟亲本.它和特晚熟的洛夫林10号杂交后,通过各世代连续“中中选早”选出了中早熟的丰抗7号.可见,二者都是我国北部冬麦区不可多得的好亲本.②两个高杆品种杂交后,选育出了比较矮的后代——丰抗2、5号(株高80—85厘米).此试验表明,在矮化育种中可取材广泛些,除着重应用矮杆基因种质外,还可以选用一些综合性状好的中杆或高杆品种.

THE BREEDING OF FENG KANG WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AND THE SELECTION OF SOME OF THEIR CHARACTERS

In this paper, selection of characters such as rust resistance, winter-hardiness, lodging resistance, maturity, and grain-filling is discussed.The results demonstrate. 1. Correct selection of parents is important for breeding desirable varieties. Lovrin 10 possesses good characters such as high resistance to rust and mildew, high grain-filling rate and "normal yellowing" , and their genetic abilities are quite strong as well. Red awned 7 not only possesses the good characters-strong winterhardiness and strong genetic ability, but also is a good early maturing parental variety with excellent combining ability. By crossing Red Awned 7 with the very late maturing variety-Lovrin 10, and selecting the early maturing individuals from the medium-maturing lines successively in all the generations, the mid-early maturing variety-Feng Rang 7 was finally found. This result shows that both Red Awned 7 and Lovrin 10 are the superior parental varieties in the north winter wheat region of China. 2. Through the crossing of two high-stem parents, by successive selection, dwarf progenies-Feng Kang 2, 5, with a stature of 80-85 cm, have been obtained. The result shows that in dwarfness breeding, there is a wide range of materials that can be used, among which, are dwarf gene germplasm as the first choice, and a few superior medium and high-stem varieties.