地表覆盖对茶园土壤温度及茶叶产量和品质的影响

为探究越冬期不同的覆盖材料对茶园土壤温度及茶叶产量、品质的影响,寻求效果佳的防冻材料,研究采用稻草、白膜、黑膜、稻谷壳和防草布等5种材料在茶园行间进行地表覆盖,比较不同材料覆盖后对土壤温度和茶叶产量、品质,以及春茶萌发时间的影响。结果表明,相较于未进行覆盖的对照,5种覆盖处理均能提高土壤温度,平均增温1.5~2.9℃,且覆盖后可使茶叶产量提高4.3%~13.6%,春茶萌发时间提早2~4 d,其中增温效果稻草和稻谷壳优于其他材料。使用稻草和稻谷壳覆盖后,茶叶水浸出物、咖啡碱、茶多酚、氨基酸含量均有所提高。综合比较来看,稻草和稻谷壳的增温效果较黑膜、白膜和防草布更好,而且能提高茶叶产量与品质,更适合作为茶园越冬期防冻的覆盖材料。

Effects of SurfaceMulching on the Soil Temperature of Tea Garden and the Yield and Quality of Tea

Effects of different surface mulching on soil temperature,tea yield and quality in the overwintering period were studied to find out an effective antifreeze material.The five kinds of materials of the straw,white film,black film,chaff and the grass cloth were used to cover the tea garden,the effects of different materials on soil temperature,tea yield,quality and spring tea germination time were studied.The results show that,compared with the control group,5 kinds of materials could increase the soil temperature by 1.5℃to 2.9℃,increase the tea yield by 4.3%~13.6%,and the spring tea germination time was 2~4 days earlier.The warming effects of straw and chaff were superior to other materials.Tea yields of straw and chaff were higher than those under other treatments,with no significant difference of grass cloth and black film.Tea water extract,caffeine,tea polyphenols,amino acids were improved in only straw and chaff.Therefore,compared with black film,white film and grass cloth,the straw and chaff had better warming effects and could improve the tea yield and quality.They were more suitable as the anti-freezing covering during tea garden wintering period.