芥菜型油菜多室角果的解剖特征及遗传分析

采用石蜡切片、杂交和回交技术研究了芥菜型油菜多室材料J163角果的形态特征、单株产量性状构成和遗传控制机制。结果表明，J163的角果由4心皮发育而来，4个果瓣包围种子，2个假隔膜平行，将角果分隔成3个腔室；假隔膜发育稳定，无假隔膜发育障碍或中途退化而形成多室与两室角果嵌合现象；尽管多室材料的千粒重和单株有效角果数均小于两室材料，但多室材料每角粒数和单株产量显著提高，说明多室性状(每角粒数多)有利于提高油菜产量；J163多室性状受隐性核基因控制，无细胞质效应，J163和两室材料J248间在多室位点上存在2对基因差异，但J163的多室性状基因是否为2对独立隐性基因还需进一步研究。根据上述特点可认为J163是新型芥菜型油菜多室材料。

Primary study on anatomic and genetic characteristics of multi-loculus in Brassica juncea

Multi-loculus trait of a newly discovered Brassica juncea material J163 was investigated by paraffin-cut section method and hybridizations.Anatomic characteristics showed that the multi-loculus siliques of J163 were developed from 4 carpels.In the silique,4 petals surrounded the seeds,and 2 pseudo dissepiments paralleled,dividing the silique into 3 chambers.The middle chamber was larger than the other two.Two pseudo dissepiments were well developed with no obstacle nor degradation during silique filling period.No chimerism of multi-loculus and two-loculus siliques showed on single plants.Compared to bi-loculus materials,multi-loculus plants had both significantly higher seeds per silique and yield per plant,but lower thousand seeds weight and effective siliques per plant,which implied that multi-loculus with more seeds per silique was an effective trait to improve yields.Backcross and reciprocal cross results showed that the multi-loculus trait was controlled by recessive nuclear genes with no cytoplasmic effect.Differences were found on 2 pairs of genes on the mutlti-loculus loci between J163 and the bi-loculus material J248.It was not clear whether the 2 pairs of genes were genetically independent.However,it could be concluded that J163 was a new type of multi-loculus mustard.