美国森林火灾扑救中的航空技术应用与启示

航空技术是当今森林火灾扑救中最为高效的现代化技术，是实现林火“打早，打小，打了”最有力的工具。我国已在多个地区建立了航空护林中心，并逐年加大航空技术在林火扑救中的应用力度；但还无法完全满足我国林火扑救的实际需要，仍具有较大的发展空间。美国航空扑救发展历史久远，现有的林火扑救体系以航空扑救为主，处于国际领先水平。文中从航空器选型、航空扑救技术、航空安全保障体系等方面对美国航空扑救的最新技术及动态进行归纳总结，并结合我国实际情况提出了相关建议，以期探究现代航空扑救技术的走向，为相关研究与政策制定提供参考。

Aviation Technology Application to U. S. Forest Firefighting and Its Implications

As one of the most effective and efficient technology used in the forest firefighting,aviation is the most powerful tool to extinguish forest fires at early stage when the fire is small in restrict extent. China has established a number of aerial forest protection facilities in forest areas and has increased the application of the aviation technology to firefighting, but the level of aviation application cannot fully meet the actual needs fr om forest firefighting. So there is a rather large space for development. The United States owns a long history of aviation forest firefighting, which is now widely used in forest firefighting and presents as the top-level aviation technology in the world. This paper reviewed the latest techniques of aviation forest firefighting and their developments in terms of aircraft selection, aviation firefighting techniques and aviation security assurance system. Further, some recommendations were put forward with the eyes to the practical situation in China, with the expectation to explore the development of aviation firefighting and provide references for related research and policy-making in this regard.