农业生产性服务对我国粮食生产成本效率的影响分析——以水稻产业为例

农业生产性服务对于缓解粮食生产节本上涨压力,实现农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以我国农业生产性服务发展水平较高的水稻产业为例,在分析水稻生产性服务发展现状的基础上,利用国家水稻产业综合实验站固定观察点的农户调查数据,采用随机前沿方法,分析了农业生产性服务对粮食成本效率的影响。结果表明,当前我国水稻生产性服务在生产环节发展上差异明显,金融保险服务、技术服务、机械服务等产中环节服务发展水平要高于农资供应、加工销售等产前和产后环节;水稻种植农户平均成本效率为0.73,总体还处于较低水平,水稻生产的实际成本相对于前沿成本存在较大偏离,这种偏离主要是由成本无效率导致的;金融保险服务、技术服务、机械服务和加工销售服务等水稻生产性服务对于提高成本效率、节约生产成本具有显著作用,但农资供应服务作用并不显著;户主受教育水平和水稻种植经验对提高成本效率也具有显著作用。在此基础上,提出了拓宽农业生产性服务发展环节,提高农业生产性服务整体发展水平、充分发挥产中环节和产后环节对成本效率的提升作用,以及加强农民教育和职业培育等提高我国水稻生产成本效率的对策建议。

Impact of agricultural production services on grain cost efficiency in China: A case study of rice industry

Agricultural production services are of great importance to ease the rising grain production cost pressures and achieve the sustainable development of agriculture. Taking rice industry as example, based on the household survey data from the fixed observation points of rice industry comprehensive experiment stations, and applying the stochastic frontier analysis method, this paper analyzed the impacts of agriculture production services on grain cost efficiency. Results indicate that: 1) there were significant differences about the development levels of agriculture services in different sections of rice industry: the levels of financing service, technical service, and machinery service are higher than the levels of input supply services and processing and sales services; 2) the average score of cost efficiency is still in low level, about 0.73, and the observed production cost is higher than the frontier cost due to cost inefficiency; and 3) rice production services such as financing service, technical service, machinery service and processing and sales service except the input supply services have significant positive impacts on cost efficiency, and the education level and planting experience also have significant positive impacts on the cost efficiency. Finally, in order to improve rice cost efficiency, this paper provides the following suggestions, including expanding the content of agricultural production services, improving their whole development level, giving full play of the role of pre-production and after-production services on cost efficiency promotion, and strengthening educational training or professional education for the farmers.