小麦品种在西藏的抗条锈性变异监测分析

为了解不同小麦品种在西藏的抗锈性表现,于2009-2011年在西藏林芝西藏农牧学院实习农场,对来自全国小麦条锈病菌变异观察圃的46份已知抗性基因小麦品种、45份生产及后备品种和由西藏农牧学院保存的26份西藏小麦种质资源(包括生产品种、引进抗源品种及区试材料)进行了田间自然诱发抗条锈病鉴定。结果表明,在小麦条锈病菌变异观察圃中,46份已知基因品种中33份表现为抗病,3份表现为感病,10份抗性不稳定;45份生产及后备品种中20份表现为抗病,12份表现为感病,13份抗性不稳定;26份西藏种质中,22份表现为抗病,3份表现为感病,1份抗性不稳定。调查表明,大部分材料表现出较稳定的抗病性,但目前在西藏高原麦作区实际生产中应用却较少。为减轻小麦条锈病的发生危害,应进一步加强抗病品种的选育和推广。

Monitoring of Variation in Resistance to Stripe Rust of Wheat Cultivars in Tibet

The resistance to stripe rust of 46 cultivars with known resistant genes, 45 reserved resistance varieties and 26 Tibet wheat accessions as well as Mingxian169, the susceptible control, were investigated in natural infection in Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College during 2009-2011. The result indicated that among the 46 cultivars with known resistant genes, 33 cultivars showed resistance and 3 showed susceptible, another 10 cultivars showed instability on resistance to stripe rust in the two consecutive years; among the 45 reserved resistance varieties, 20 varieties showed resistance,12 varieties showed susceptible and 13 varieties showed instability on resistance to stripe rust in two years; and among the 26 Tibet wheat accessions, 22 accessions showed resistance which accounted for 84.61%, 1 accession showed unstable resistance and 3 accessions showed susceptible in the two investigation years. This investigation indicated a number of resistant materials presented in those wheat germplasm, but which have not been used in breeding programs in Tibet. Breeding for resistance and utilization of resistant varieties should be enhanced to reduce the damage by wheat stripe rust.