小麦腥黑穗病研究进展

腥黑穗病是威胁全球小麦生产的重要病害之一,其流行导致小麦大幅度减产乃至绝收,并且由于其病菌的生存能力顽强,更加剧了危险程度。本文从小麦腥黑穗病国内外发病历史、近年来流行危害情况、病原菌及其毒性小种和抗性种质研究进展等方面进行了综述,重点对抗源材料和抗性基因的研究与利用进行了综述和分析。通过系统的分析认为,国外对该病给予了特别的关注,进行了较为全面、深入的研究,对持久控制起到了促进作用;国内的研究明显不足,特别在抗源材料研究、抗性基因开发利用方面处于较严重的滞后状态。通过对近年来国内其他省份和甘肃省的病情变化态势综合分析发现,跨区、跨省种子调运和农户间的交换,加剧了该病的流行危害,目前呈加重流行态势。建议加强抗性材料的储备、抗源筛选以及防治技术和抗病育种研究。

Advance in the Study on Wheat Bunts

Wheat bunts is one more dangerous disease when coming to the world wheat production, which always leads to a great deal of yield losses or harvest nothing. Because their fungus is able to live a stronger life during infected period, they become a more greater threat. To know about the research advance and relative knowledge will be helpful to controll the disease spreading. The paper reviewed the history, pathology research results and disease development, especially summarized the researches and applications of materials and genes against bunts. The results showed that foreign researchers had paid more attentions on it than Chinese. Compared with the system and research in foreign countries on resistant materials and genes in practice, Chinese research appeared very slowly and fell behind far away. Thus it has seriously influenced the resistant breeding and materials selection in China. Through studying on the status of bunts, with the seed transportation among different regions, provinces and personal farmers, the disease prevalence become more frequently, which leaded to more serious damage. It should be ready to reserve resistant materials, to select germ plasm resources and emphasize on the importance of resistant breeding for the safe production of wheat. Thus it is to contribute to control the disease and prevent the spread.