不同熟期大豆品种遗传改良过程中光合特性和冠层农艺性状的变化

对1923～2008年间育成的吉林省主推的57个大豆品种按中早熟、中熟和中晚熟品种进行分类,研究了不同熟期组品种各冠层农艺性状和叶片部分光合特性指标的演化趋势及其与产量的关系。结果表明,各熟期品种的产量、百粒重、株高、单株叶面积、叶柄长、始粒期的光合速率和SPAD与育成年代均成正相关,单株分枝数与育成年代成负相关;单株荚数、单株荚重、单株粒数、单株粒重、单株茎重、始粒期SPAD与产量成正相关,其中单株荚重与产量显著相关。总体上看,中早熟和中晚熟品种各性状的演化趋势及其与产量的关系较相似,它们的百粒重、株高、单株粒数、单株叶面积、叶柄长、始粒期光合速率及始粒期SPAD与育成年代及产量都成正相关;始粒期SPAD在所有性状中表现最稳定,在各熟期组中与育成年代及产量均成正相关。

Changes of Photosynthetic Characters and Canopy Agronomic Traits among Different Maturity Groups in Soybean Genetic Improvement

Fifty-seven soybean cultivars released from 1923 to 2008 in Jilin province were divided into three soybean maturity groups(medium-early,medium and medium-late),and evaluated the genetic improvement of soybean agronomic characters in different canopy and some leaf photosynthetic characteristics,as well as the correlation between these characters and yield.For different maturity soybeans,yield,100-seed weight,plant height,leaf area per plant,petiole length,photosynthetic rate and SPAD value at R5 were positively correlated with released years,while numbers of branches was negatively correlated with released years;pod number,pod weight(P<0.05),seed number and stem weight per plant were positively correlated with yield.As a whole,medium-early and medium-late maturity groups had the same evolution tendency,in which 100-seed weight,plant height,seed number per plant,leaf area per plant,petiole length,photosynthetic rate and SPAD value at R5 were positively correlated with yields and released years,respectively;among all characters,SPAD value at R5 was the steadiest,and positively correlated with yield and released years respectively in each maturity group.