氮、磷、钾配施对油葵产量与品质的影响

采用"3414"最有饱和设计方案,以氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥为探讨因子进行田间试验。建立氮、磷、钾3因素与油葵杂交种F60的籽粒产量、籽粒粗脂肪含量、粗脂肪产量、籽粒粗蛋白含量和粗蛋白产量的施肥模型。通过分析发现,在供试条件下,氮、磷、钾单因子对油葵籽粒产量和粗脂肪产量的影响是一致的,表现为P﹥N﹥K;对粗蛋白产量的影响是K﹥N﹥P;增施氮肥降低粗脂肪含量,增加粗蛋白含量;增施磷肥增加粗脂肪含量,对粗蛋白含量的影响不明显;增施钾肥增加粗脂肪含量,降低粗蛋白含量。施肥模型的寻优结果表明:施N=9.9 kg/667m2,P2O5=6.3 kg/667m2,K2O=8.8 kg/667m2,可获得最高籽粒产量为217.5 kg/667m2;施N=8.5 kg/667m2,P2O5=6.6 kg/667m2,K2O=8.5 kg/667m2,可获得最高粗脂肪产量为90.9 kg/667m2;施N=9.6 kg/667m2,P2O5=6.6 kg/667m2,K2O=10.2 g/667m2,可获得最高粗蛋白产量为35.5 kg/667m2。

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Oil-sunflower

Field experimental design was "3414" randomized complete block with 3 replications to study the effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application amount on the seeds yield,oil content,oil yield,protein content and protein yield of sunflower.Result from the experiment shows that in terms of effect of fertilization on seed yield and oil yield,the 3 single-factor fertilizers were in the order of P2O5﹥N﹥K2O;while in terms of effect on protein yield was in order of K2O﹥N﹥P2O5.greater amount of N fertilizer increased protein content and decreased oil content,greater amount of P fertilizer increased oil content and no significantly effect on protein content,greater amount of K fertilizer increased protein content and decreased oil content.Based on the fertilization models for seed yield,oil yield and protein yield,in order to get the seed yield of 217.5 kg/667m2,oil yield of 90.9 kg/667m2 and protein yield of 35.5 kg/667m2,the optimum fertilization rate should be recommended as N=9.9 kg/667m2,P2O5=6.3 kg/667m2,K2O=8.8 kg/667m2;N=8.5 kg/667m2,P2O5=6.6 kg/667m2,K2O =8.5 kg/667m2;N=9.6 kg/667m2,P2O5=6.6 kg/667m2,K2O=10.2 g/667m2,respectively.