喜盐鸢尾花部特征与交配系统研究

本研究采用定点观测与人工辅助授粉的方法，对种植8年的喜盐鸢尾（Iris halophila）花部特征、开花物候、花粉形态与活力、柱头可授性、交配系统与访花昆虫进行了观察与研究，旨在为喜盐鸢尾引种驯化与品种培育提供科学依据。结果表明：喜盐鸢尾5—6月开花，部分雌雄异熟；花粉活力开花当天最强，随后降低，与开花前后的天数呈现出显著的负相关关系（P<0.05）；柱头可授性比例开花第2 d最高，随后降低，与开花前后的天数呈现出显著的正相关关系（P<0.05）；雌雄异位，开花过程中雄蕊向上弯曲，柱头向下弯曲。花粉/胚珠比2 175.47，杂交指数为5，喜盐鸢尾的交配系统以异交为主，需要传粉者；自然状态下存在花粉限制，部分自交亲和，不存在无融合生殖，条蜂（Anthophora sp.）为潜在传粉者。

Studies on Floral Syndrome and Mating System of Iris halophila

In order to provide scientific information to assist plant introduction and breeding,floral characteristic,flowering process,pollen morphology and viability,stigma receptivity,mating system and pollination behaviors of flower-visiting insects of Iris halophila were recorded and studied using the combination of field tests and artificial pollination experiment. The result showed that I. halophila flowered from May to June and was heterogamy and herkogamy. The pollen viability came the highest on the day of flowering and then decreased,which was negatively correlated with the number of days before and after flowering (P<0.05). The proportion of stigma receptivity was the highest on the second day of flowering,and then decreased,which was positively correlated with the number of days before and after flowering (P<0.05). The stamen became bending upwards and the stigma became bending down during the flowering. Pollen/ovule ratio (P/O) was 2 175.47,outcrossing index (OCI) was 5,and mating system rate was outcrossing. I. halophila demanded pollinators and partial self-compatibility,there was no apomixis,and Anthophora sp. was the potential pollinator.