药剂诱导玉米孤雌生殖技术选育自交系

2003～2006年用药剂诱导玉米孤雌生殖共获得254粒孤雌生殖一代(Pa1)种子。选取部分Pa1种子对根尖细胞和花粉母细胞进行细胞学观察。结果表明,Pa1植株的根尖细胞主要为二倍体,非整倍体也占很大比例,为24.0%。在花粉母细胞中正常二倍体频率比根尖体细胞明显提高,并且根尖细胞染色体数目变异不能延续到花粉母细胞。细胞学分析结合田间鉴定、方差分析获得孤雌生殖纯系13个,经测配获得杂交组合5个,均表现出较强的杂种优势。

Breeding of Inbred Lines and Hybrids of Maize Through Parthenogenesis Induced by Chemicals

From 2003 to 2006, 254 Pa1 seeds had been obtained through parthenogenesis induced by chemicals. A few of Pa1 seeds were selected to checkup the root-rip somatic cells and PMCs. The result indicated that most of the root-tip somatic cells were diploid with 20 chromosomes, 24.0% were aneuploids. Meiotic analysis demonstrated that in parthenogenic plants frequency of normal univalent at the diakinesis stage in PMCs was more than in root-tip cells. The variation in root-tip somatic cells could not inherit to the generative cells. 13 chemically-induced parthenogenic maize inbred lines and 5 hybrids were obtained through cytology analysis, plant checkup and variance analysis, the hybrids had excellent heterosis.