新疆春小麦的抗干旱和水分高效利用特性研究

研究了新疆当前春小麦主栽品种和近年新审定品种的抗干旱和水分高效利用特性,通过田间干旱和充分灌溉处理小区试验的籽粒产量和主要农艺性状,计算了各品种的抗旱系数(DC)、抗旱指数(DI)、干旱产量指数(DYI)、丰水产量指数(WYI)和产量-水分高效利用指数(YHWUEI)。结果表明,新疆育成的春小麦品种在干旱处理条件下的产量、抗旱性总体高于引进品种;各品种产量和农艺性状的抗旱系数(DC)与各品种干旱处理条件下的产量相关性差,各品种产量和部分农艺性状的抗旱指数(DI)与各品种干旱处理条件下的产量相关性较高,而干旱产量指数(DYI)与各品种的干旱处理产量趋势完全一致;又通过干旱产量指数(DYI)、丰水产量指数(WYI)和产量-水分高效利用指数(YHWUEI),筛选出在干旱和充分灌溉两种条件下都高产稳产,即具有水分高效利用特性的春小麦品种四个:新春2号、新春6号、新春7号和新春10号,它们的干旱产量指数、丰水产量指数和产量-水分高效利用指数都大于1.05。在多年新疆春小麦生产中,它们也都表现高产稳产、耐高温、抗干旱和适应性强,在干热风危害麦区推广面积大。

The Character on Drought Resistance and High Water Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat in Xinjiang

The character of drought resistance and high water use efficiency of new spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang was studied in this paper.Drought-resistant coefficient(DC),drought-resistant index(DI),drought yield index(DYI),high-water yield index(WYI) and yield-water high use efficiency index(YHWUEI) were calculated by analyzing the yield and agricultural character of all test varieties in drought and high-water conditions.The results showed that Xinjiang cultivated spring wheat variety had generally higher yield and drought resistance than introduced varieties.The DC of test varieties' yields and agricultural characters are almost not correlated with their yield under drought condition. However,the DI of test varieties' yields and some agricultural characters are highly correlated with the yield of test varieties under drought condition.And DYI was consistent with the yields of all test varieties under drought condition.By using DYI,WYI and YHWUEI,four high-water-use-efficiency cultivars were screened out,which had higher and steady yield under the condition of drought or high-water irrigation.These cultivars were Xinchun 2,Xinchun 6,Xinchun 7 and Xinchun 10, and their DYI,WYI and YHWUEI were over 1.05.In addition,these cultivars showed wider adaptability and higher and steady yield,high temperature tolerance and drought resistance during many years of spring wheat production in Xinjiang,especially in dry hot wind region,these cultivars are widely planted.