光照周期和饲喂水平对蛋鸡生殖器官发育的影响

本试验旨在研究限饲和光照周期对蛋鸡卵巢和输卵管发育及形态学的影响。试验采用3×2双因子设计,即3个光照周期（8L：16D、12L：12D和16L：8D）和2个饲喂水平（自由采食和限饲鸡自由采食量的80%）。选用体质健康的10周龄海兰灰蛋鸡240只,分成6组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡。结果表明,光照周期显著影响20 w输卵管重（P〈0.05）,长光照周期（16L：8D）组和中长光照周期（12L：12D）组的20 w输卵管重显著高于短光照周期（8L：16D）组,对卵巢卵泡直径及单位面积内卵巢卵泡个数影响不显著（P〉0.05）;饲喂水平对20 w体重、卵巢重、输卵管重及卵巢卵泡直径和单位面积内卵巢卵泡个数影响均不显著（P〉0.05）;光照周期和饲喂水平互作对20 w卵巢卵泡直径影响显著（P〉0.05）,其中,β和VI组卵巢卵泡直径显著高于V组（P〈0.05）,其他各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。饲喂水平、光照周期影响输卵管发育,Ⅱ、Ⅳ、VI自由采食组发育程度优于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、V限饲组,并且16L：8D光照组输卵管的发育状况最好。

Effects of photoperiod and feeding level on the development of reproductive organs of laying hens

The purpose of the experiment is to research the effects of photoperiod and feed re- striction on morphological development of the ovaries and oviduc in laying hens. Test uses 3 X 2 Double Factors experiment design, photoperiod, which had three levels：8L：16D, 12L：I2D, 16L：gD and two feeding level：ad libitum, feed restriction （80% of ad libitum）, a total of six treatment. 10-weeks 240 laying hens were selected and allot-ted randomly to 6 treatments, each treatment rep- resented by 4 replicates of i0 chicken each. Results are as followed： Photoperiod significantly af- fected the ovidcut weight of 20 weeks old（P〉0.05）, the ovidcut weight of group long photoperiod （16L：8D）and middle photoperiod（12L：12D）have a significant higher than group short photoperiod（gL： 16D）, photoperiod has no significant difference on ovarian diameter and ovarian quantities （P〉0.05）. Feeding level has a significant difference on body weight, ovaries and ovidcut weight and ovarian diameter, ovarian quantities （P〉0.05）. The interactions between photoperiod and feed re- striction significantly affected the ovarian diameter（P〉0.05）, the ovarian diameter of group IV and Vl have a significant higher than group V（P〈0.05）, other groups was not significantly differ-ent （P〉O. 05）. Photoperiod and feed restriction significantly affected the oviduct development, the oviduct development of group libitum was better than group restricted feeding. The long photo- period（16L：8D）was the best choice for the oviduct development.