微孔渗灌环形布设对灵武长枣土壤水分分布及产量的影响

以6 a生灵武长枣为研究对象,设置微孔渗灌不同埋设深度D10(10 cm)、D20(20 cm)、D30(30 cm)和铺设半径R30(30 cm)、R40(40 cm)、R50(50 cm)的2因素3水平试验,分析了微孔渗灌不同环形布设方式对灵武长枣土壤水分分布、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:随着微孔渗灌埋深的增加,土壤含水率最大分布范围和湿润锋均向下移动,土壤含水率垂直方向最大分布范围可达到10～55 cm。随着微孔渗灌铺设半径的增大,土壤含水率最大分布范围和湿润锋均向外移动,并且各处理的最大湿润区域土壤含水率值均在20%以上。R40D20处理下枣树的枣吊长度、每吊开花数、每吊坐果数、坐果率、单果重、单株结果数、产量、水分利用效率均最大,分别为31.24 cm、66朵、39个、59.70%、19.20 g、444个、7 666.82 kg·hm~(-2)、2.83 kg·m~(-3),并且均与其他处理存在显著差异(p0.05)。因此,微孔渗灌埋深为20 cm、铺设半径为40 cm是灵武长枣最佳的铺设方式。

Effect of circular arrangement of microporous infiltration irrigation on water distribution and yield of Lingwu long jujube

Taking 6-year-old Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Lingwu long jujube as the research object, we implemented the experiments of two factors and three levels with different irrigation depths of D10 (10 cm), D20 (20 cm), and D30 (30 cm), laying radius of R30 (30 cm), R40 (40 cm), and R50 (50 cm). The effects of different micro-hole infiltration irrigation circular layout methods on soil water distribution, yield, and water use efficiency of Lingwu long jujube were analyzed. With the increasing depth of microporous infiltration irrigation, the maximum distribution range of soil moisture content and the wet front moved downward, and the maximum distribution range of soil moisture content in the vertical direction reached 10~55 cm. With increasing radius of the microporous infiltration irrigation, the maximum distribution range of soil moisture content and the wet front moved outward, and the value of soil moisture content in the maximum wet area of each treatment was above 20%. The jujube hanging length, flowering number per hanging, fruit setting per hanging, fruit setting rate, single fruit weight, fruit number per plant, yield and water use efficiency of the jujube tree under R40D20 treatment were the largest at 31.24 cm, 66 flowers, 39, 59.70%, 19.20 g, 444, 7 666.82 kg·hm^-2, 2.83 kg·m^-3, respectively, and all were significantly different from the other treatments (p<0.05). Therefore, the micro-porous infiltration irrigation with a burial depth of 20 cm and a laying radius of 40 cm were the best laying method for Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Lingwu long jujube.