“三定”栽培对双季超级稻产量形成及生理特性的影响

为探讨南方双季稻区超级稻高产栽培技术，于2008—2010年在湖南长沙和浏阳以超级早稻陆两优996、陵两优268和超级晚稻天优华占、丰源优299为材料进行大田定位试验，比较了“三定”栽培、免耕摆栽和传统栽培下双季超级稻的产量形成特点和生理特性。与传统栽培相比，“三定”栽培齐穗期的颖花伤流量、根系氧化力、根冠比、叶面积指数及籽粒结实期剑叶的光合速率较高，齐穗后剑叶SPAD值下降缓慢、干物质积累量大，有效穗数和每穗粒数多，早季平均产量为7.18 t hm^-2，增产11.68%，晚季平均产量为8.39 t hm^-2，增产7.41%；免耕摆栽干物质积累量大、有效穗数多，但其收获指数、每穗粒数和结实率居劣势，使其单季增产效果不显著。由此可见，南方双季超级稻在“三定”栽培下后期生理优势明显，产量构成因子协调，增产效果显著。

Effects of "San-Ding" Cultivation Method on Yield Formation and Physiological Characteristics of Double Cropping Super Rice

Rice is the major staple food of China.The realization of its high yield has a great significance for food security and society stability.A field experiment was conducted in Changsha and Liuyang cities of Hunan Province during 2008-2010 to find out a cultivation technique that could increase the yield of double cropping super rice in South China.Super early rice Luliangyou 996 and Lingliangyou 268 and super late rice Tianyouhuazhan and Fengyuanyou 299 were used in early and late season cropping,respectively...