不同处理对马铃薯秧混合青贮品质影响的研究

目的]探究马铃薯秧青贮的可行性,并筛选出马铃薯秧适宜的青贮方式。方法]以新鲜马铃薯秧和全株玉米为青贮材料,将马铃薯秧设5个水平,即分别按重量的10%、20%、30%、40%、50%与全株玉米混合,每个水平设3个处理(对照组不添加,试验组分别添加纤维素酶、乳酸菌),每个处理设10个重复,45d后对混合青贮饲料进行感官评定和发酵指标测定。结果]10%~50%比例的马铃薯秧与全株玉米混合青贮时的pH值均低于4.2,不仅可贮存成功,而且达到了优等水平。同一处理条件下,马铃薯秧的比例为10%、30%、50%时,随着马铃薯秧比例的增大氨态氮含量呈升高的趋势。10%、30%、50%马铃薯秧比例中,对照组间的粗蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05),其中,以30%马铃薯秧比例中的A3B1含量最高(10.62%);10%~40%马铃薯秧比例中,随着马铃薯秧比例的增大,添加乳酸菌试验组的粗蛋白含量呈升高趋势。同一处理条件下,20%马铃薯秧比例的中性洗涤纤维含量较低,50%马铃薯秧比例的中性洗涤纤维含量最高。酸性洗涤纤维含量随着马铃薯秧比例的增大呈上升趋势,50%马铃薯秧比例的对照组、纤维素酶添加组酸性洗涤纤维含量最高。结论]降霜前刈割马铃薯秧与全株玉米混合青贮,添加比例为20%~40%时的青贮饲料品质较好,且在实践中可添加乳酸菌促进发酵,以提高青贮品质和适口性。

Effect of Different Treatments on Fermentation Quality of Mixed Silage Prepared with Potato Seedlings and Whole-plant Corn

Objective]To explore the feasibility of preparation of silage with potato seedlings and to screen the suitable silage methods for potato seedlings.Methods]The fresh potato seedlings and whole-plant corn were used as materials to prepare mixed silage in this experiment.When mixed with the whole-plant corn,five addition levels of potato seedlings were set,including 10%,20%,30%,40% and 50%.For each addition proportion of potato seedlings,there were three treatment groups,including a control group received no additives and two experimental groups adding cellulase and lactobacillus respectively.Ten replicates were included for each treatment group.Sensory evaluation and fermentation index determination of the mixed silage product were carried out after a 45-day-long fermentation.Results]The pH value of the mixed silage product was lower than 4.2 when the addition proportion of potato seedlings was 10%-50%,indicating that the mixed silage product prepared with potato seedlings could not only be successfully stored,but also reached an excellent level in quality.Under the same treatment conditions,when the addition proportion of potato seedlings was 10%,30% and 50%,the content of ammonia nitrogen of the mixed silage product was elevated with the increase of the addition proportion of potato seedlings.Between the control groups at 10%,30%and 50%addition levels of potato seedlings,there was no significant differences in crude protein content in the mixed silage product(P>0.05),and the highest value(10.62%)was observed in the control group at 30% addition level of potato seedlings.When the potato seedlings addition proportion ranged from 10%to 40%,an increasing trend in crude protein content was observed with the elevation of potato seedlings addition proportion in the lactobacillus adding groups.Under the same treatment condition,the mixed silage product prepared with 20% addition level of potato seedlings had relatively lower neutral detergent fiber content,and that prepared with 50% addition level of potato seedlings had the highest neutral detergent fiber content.The content of acid detergent fiber was increased with the increase of addition proportion of potato seedlings,and the highest value was observed in the control group and cellulase adding group at 50% addition level of potato seedlings.Conclusions]The potato seedling cut before defrosting can be used to prepare mixed silage with whole-plant corn.When the addition levels of potato seedlings range from 20% to 40%,the mixed silage product has better fermentation quality.Furthermore,the adding of lactobacillus helps to promote the fermentation and improves the quality and palatability of silage in practice.