烤烟生长发育特性及产质量对施肥技术的响应

为了探讨烤烟生长发育特性、产量和质量对施肥技术的响应,开展了有机肥、绿肥及无机肥3种不同施肥技术措施下,烤烟生长发育特性及产质量的响应差异性对比研究。结果表明,烤烟配施生物有机肥和绿肥翻压还田,可以增加根系体积,提高烟叶光合作用面积,增加净光合速率(Pn),降低土传病害危害,提高上等烟叶比例,改善烟叶品质,增加烟叶产量和产值。其中,烟叶的经济效果指数(ECI)和烟叶化学成分可用性指数(CCUI)、上等烟叶比例以及产量和产值,以配施生物有机肥处理表现为最大,分别为88.7、71.0和72.1、43.68%、2 436.5 kg·hm-2和64 079.9元·hm-2;其次是绿肥翻压还田处理,单施化肥的处理最小;且配施生物有机肥处理的产量和产值显著高于其余处理。综上,烤烟生长发育特性、产质量对施肥技术的响应效果,以配施有机肥处理最好,绿肥翻压处理次之,纯施化学肥料处理最差。本研究为开展有机肥绿肥的利用及促进烤烟品质提升提供了理论依据。

Response of the Flue-cured Tobacco Growth and Development Characters,Yield and Quality to the Fertilizer Application Technology

In order to explore the response of the flue-cured tobacco growth and development characters (G & Ds),yield and quality to the fertilization technology,a comparative study of the response difference of the flue-cured tobacco G & Ds,yield and quality on three fertilizer application types of bio-organic fertilizer,green fertilizer and chemical fertilizer was carried.The result was showed that the treatment of bio-organic and green fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer increased root system volume,improved photosynthetic leaves areas and net photosynthetic rate (Pn),accelerated flue-cure tobacco G & Ds,reduced soil-borne diseases,increased the ratio of first-class tobacco leaves,improved flue-cure tobacco leaves quality,and increased yield and out-put value.The indexes such as economic character index (ECI),chemical components usability index (CCUI),the ratio of the first-class tobacco leaves,yield and out-put value of the treatment with bio-organic manure were 88.7,71.0,72.1,43.68％,2 436.5 kg · hm-2 and 64 079.9 yuan · hm-2 respectively,higher than the other two kinds of treatment.Next was the treatment of green fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer,followed by that of pure chemical fertilizer.The yield and out-put value of the treatment with combined application of bio-organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the other treatments.Consequently,the response effect of bio-organic fertilizer on the flue-cured tobacco growth and development characters,yield and quality to the fertilization technology is the best,and then comes the response effect of the treatment of green fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer and that of the pure chemical fertilizer comes last.The above results provide effective measures for organic fertilizer and green fertilizer utilization and a theoretical basis for promoting the flue-cured tobacco quality.