Influence of soil surface features and vegetation on runoff and erosion in the Western Sierra Madre (Durango,Northwest Mexico) |
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| Institution: | 1. IRD-LTHE, UMR 5564, BP 53, 38 041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France;2. Institut de Géographie Alpine, 17, rue M.Gignoux, 38 031 Grenoble Cedex, France;3. CNRS-LTHE, UMR 5564, BP 53, 38 041 Grenoble Cedex, France;4. INIFAP Cenid Raspa, Gomez Palacio, Mexico;1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, PR China;2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, PR China;3. Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;3. USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Lab., 7207 West Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036, USA;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad Veracruzana, Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico;2. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;3. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;4. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Soil Drainage Research Unit, Columbus, Ohio, USA |
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| Abstract: | In mountainous areas, runoff and soil erosion are closely linked to soil surface features, particularly stoniness. Depending on the size of rock fragments (gravel, pebbles, stones and/or blocks) and especially the way they are integrated into the soil matrix, they may facilitate or hinder infiltration and promote soil losses. The present study examines the role of different soil surface features and their influence on runoff formation and on soil erosion in an area seriously affected by overgrazing.Based on measurements made on hillslopes for 2 years at the plot scale, the results show that grass cover, pebbles and sand content increase runoff and erosion. Inversely, slope value, tree cover percentage, structural stability and organic matter content are negatively correlated with runoff and soil losses.It is shown that the correlations can be explained by the major role played by the surface features on hydrologic behaviour of the hillslopes. Two main surface features were identified and hydraulically characterised, namely: (i) crusted surfaces with embedded gravel widespread on gentle slopes which induce high runoff and erosion rates; and (ii) stony surfaces, where free pebbles and blocks protect the top soil against raindrops and overland flow kinetic energy and lead to reduce runoff and soil losses. |
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