美国农业科技创新和推广体系建设的启示

建立完善的农业科技创新和推广体系是加快推进农业发展的根本要求,更是关系到国计民生的基础工作。近年来,我国大力实施科教兴农,有力推动了农业进步,但由于农业科技体系布局的不完善,我国农业科技发展与发达国家间仍存在一定差距。美国是全球农业科技发展先进的国家,通过分析美国农业科技创新和推广体系的法律基础和组织架构,总结了其农业法规和制度健全完善、研发模式充分发挥个体优势、推广机制实操性强覆盖面广等主要特点,这些特点有效促进了美国农业科技的高质量发展;结合美国经验,针对我国农业科技发展面临的实际挑战,提出了加强政策制度保障、优化体系建设、研发推广并重等建议,以期为优化和提升我国农业科技体系布局提出对策和意见。

Enlightenment from Innovation and Extension System of Agricultural Science and Technology in the United States

As a fundamental requirement for accelerating agriculture development, establishment of an advanced innovation and extension system of agricultural science and technology is a basic task related to national economy and the peoples livelihood. In recent years, China has vigorously applied the policy of developing agriculture through science and education, which has greatly promoted the progress of agriculture. However, due to the imperfect layout of agricultural science and technology system, there is still a gap in agricultural science and technology development between China and the developed countries. The United States is an advanced country in agricultural science and technology. This paper analyzed the legal foundation and organization structure of American agricultural science and technology innovation and extension systems; and summarized their her main characteristics as: sound and perfect agricultural laws and regulations system, the R&D model full play individual advantages, an extension system with strong operability and wide coverage, etc.. These characteristics effectively promoted the development of agricultural science and technology in the United States with high quality. Combining the experience from America, this paper directed at the challenges facing agricultural science and technology development in China; put forward certain suggestions as: strengthening the policy and institution guarantee; optimizing system construction; paying equal attention to R&D and extension, etc., hoping to optimize and perfect the layout of agricultural science and technology system in China.