一体化好氧发酵设备研究现状与展望

好氧发酵是畜禽粪便资源化利用的有效途径之一,大规模好氧发酵处理工程在我国已取得快速发展。一体化好氧发酵设备适用于中小型规模养殖场粪污处理利用,不仅可以提高堆肥产品质量,还可以解决建设用地限制、降低建设成本,对于促进我国畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用具有重要意义。但好氧发酵设备的研制在我国起步较晚,标准化、智能化、产业化水平仍然不高,通过对国内外立式、卧式一体化好氧发酵设备及翻抛、曝气、除臭等关键组成部分的研究发展现状进行综述,提出好氧发酵设备目前研究进展及存在问题,并提出研究重点。卧式好氧发酵设备多用于中小型养殖场,设备密闭,易于控制氧气供给和臭味物质排放,堆肥效果理想;立式好氧发酵设备广泛用于大型养殖场及堆肥厂内,处理能力大,但不易实现翻抛与曝气,堆肥质量仍有待提升。今后,应从智能控制、翻抛、高效除臭等环节进一步提升好氧发酵设备性能,提高有机肥品质和农业废弃物资源化利用水平。

Research Status and Prospect of Integrated Aerobic Fermentation Equipment

Aerobic fermentation is one of the effective ways to utilize livestock manure. Large-scale aerobic fermentation treatment project has achieved rapid development in China. The integrated aerobic fermentation equipment is suitable for the utilization of fecal waste treatment in small and medium scale farms. It can not only improve the quality of compost products, but also solve the limitation problem of construction land and reduce construction cost. It is of important significance to promote the utilization of waste from livestock and poultry in China. However, studies on aerobic fermentation equipment in China started relatively late. The levels of standardization, intelligentalization, and industrialization are still low. This paper summarized the research status on key components in domestic and foreign vertical and horizontal integration of aerobic fermentation equipment and turn throwing, aeration, deodorization, etc., and put forward problems existing in aerobic fermentation equipment and research emphasis in the near future. Horizontal aerobic fermentation equipments are mainly used by small and medium-sized farms. The sealed equipment are easy to control oxygen supply and odor emission. Its composting effect is ideal. The vertical aerobic fermentation equipment is widely used in large-scale farms and composting plant. Their processing capacity is huge. But it is not easy to achieve turning throwing and aeration, the compost quality is still waiting to be improved. In the future, the performance of aerobic fermentation equipment should further be improved to achieve better quality of organic fertilizer and utilization level of agricultural waste from the aspects of intelligent control, flip throwing, high efficiency deodorization, etc..