土著原油降解真菌的筛选及其降解效果

目的]筛选土著原油降解真菌,研究其与植物联合修复原油污染的效果。方法]从大庆长期原油污染的土壤中分离出原油降解真菌,通过菌落、菌丝形态及rDNA-ITS序列比对,确定种属,并且研究目标菌株在液体培养条件下单独接种于油污土壤和与玉米混合接种对土壤中总石油烃的降解效果。结果]分离出的4种真菌分别为以木霉菌、尖孢镰刀菌、禾生小从壳和玉米赤霉,分别命名为x3、x5、x7和x9,4种真菌在3种接种条件下均表现出高效的石油烃降解率。但是,4种菌株在液体培养条件下降解率高于土壤中的,其中x9号真菌在与玉米混合接种后达到最大降解率78.01%,并在玉米根系发现明显的根瘤。结论]真菌与植物联合修复土壤污染物是一种长期有效的、有利于土壤生境恢复的治理方法之一。

Study on the Screening and Degradation Effects of Crude Oil Degrading Fungi

Objective] The research aimed to screen out the crude oil degradation fungi and study their degrading effects together with plant.Method] The target strains were screened from long term petroleum polluted soil respectively in Daqing Oilfield.The species were determined by their colony,mycelium morphology and rDNA-ITS sequence comparison.And their degradation effects were discussed under different condition including liquid culturing,individually inoculated into the contaminated soil and together with corn.Result] Four target strains were obtained,which were Trichoderma atroviride,Fusarium oxysporum,Glomerella graminicola and Gibberella zeae,named as x3,x5,x7 and x9 respectively.They all had high efficient of degrading crude oil under three inoculation conditions.The degradation rates of four strains in liquid culture condition were all higher than it in the soil.The maximum degradation rate of 78.01% appeared x9 mixed inoculation with corn,and significant nodule were found in the maize root.Conclusion] It is one of the long term effective and beneficial to the soil habitat restoration ways that fungi and plants on bioremediation of soil pollutants.