氮磷钾肥对西北寒旱区冬油菜越冬率、产量及经济性状的影响

在大田条件下,研究了氮、磷、钾肥对西北寒旱区冬油菜越冬率、产量及经济性状的影响.结果表明:磷钾肥配合施用能有效促进冬油菜生长及提高抗寒性.磷钾处理的干物质积累量比不施肥处理增高了4.4%,其越冬率达到98.36%,比不施肥处理提高了5.76%.单施氮肥的越冬率比不施肥处理降低了2.8%,表明冬油菜冬前应少施氮肥,避免苗期过旺生长;适当的磷钾配施可提高冬油菜干物质的积累,增强冬油菜的抗寒性,提高冬油菜的越冬率,从而使冬油菜群体增大;同时磷钾配施可使冬油菜的角粒数、千粒质量增加,最终产量增加.

Effects of Different Proportions of N,P,and K on Overwintering Rates,Yield and Economical Characters of Winter Rapaseed on Northwest Cold and Drought Region

The effects of different proportions of N,P and K on over wintering rates, yield and economical characters of winter rapaseed were studied under field conditions in northwest cold and drought region.The results showed, PK treatment accelerated growth and enhanced cold hardiness of winter rapaseed effectively.The dry matter and wintering rates in PK treatment increased by 4.4% and 5.76% respectively than non applying fertilizer, and the wintering rates reached 98.36%.The over wintering rates in N treatment decreased by 2.8% than non applying fertilizer, which indicated avoiding growing too fast during developmental stage, low dose of N should be used before winter.And the cold hardiness, the wintering rates and the accumulation of the dry matter from winter rapaseed were strengthened by appropriate PK treatment, which enlarge the number of winter rapeseed groups.Meanwhile, seed number per pod and 1000-seed weigh were increased, which resulted in the output increment, by the same methods.