施氮对优质小麦颖果腹部和背部胚乳细胞物质充实的影响

为直观揭示施氮对小麦籽粒灌浆的生理效应，以徐麦30（强筋小麦) 和扬麦13（弱筋小麦）为材料，采用树脂包埋样品进行半薄切片和Image Pro Plus图像分析软件从形态学角度研究了孕穗期施氮对小麦颖果腹部和背部胚乳细胞物质充实的影响。结果表明，施氮后颖果腹部和背部胚乳细胞蛋白体数目增加，花后11、15和19 d最显著，同时蛋白体的聚集方式发生改变，对照组（不施氮）胚乳细胞内以小蛋白体为主，呈散状分布，而施氮组胚乳细胞含有许多大蛋白体或蛋白聚积体，分布较为集中。徐麦30蛋白体发育对氮素的响应程度高于扬麦13。施氮后腹部胚乳细胞淀粉粒排列更为紧密，细胞充实率增加，且扬麦13的响应程度大于徐麦30。施氮也增加了徐麦30背部胚乳细胞充实率，而对扬麦13的影响表现相反。

Effect of Nitrogen on Cellular Material Filling in Ventral and Dorsal Region of Endosperm of High Quality Wheat

The aim of the present work was to reveal the responds of cellular material filling to nitrogen treatment in the developing wheat endosperm. For this purpose, 2 typical wheat cultivars, Xumai 30 (strong gluten) and Yangmai 13 (weak gluten), were used to investigate the cellular material filling in dorsal and ventral region of wheat endosperm affected by nitrogen application at booting stage by observation with resin embedding, semi thin section and Image Pro Plus 6.0 software. The results were as follows: (1) Nitrogen obviously improved the number and size of protein body (PB) in ventral and dorsal region of endosperm, especially at 11, 15 and 19 days after flowering. In addition, nitrogen altered the accumulative pattern of PB, the control endosperm contained many smaller PB, moreover, these PB were scattered in endosperm cells in an unordered pattern, while the endosperm under N treatment contained many larger PB or aggregation and they were distributed in the focused region. The response to nitrogen application in degree was in the order of Xumai 30>Yangmai 13; (2) Nitrogen increased the number of starch granule (SG) and rates of material filling in ventral region of endosperm, and the increased degree was in the order of Yangmai 13>Xumai 30. (3) Nitrogen enhanced the cellular material filling in dorsal region of endosperm in Xumai 30, but it was contrary for Yangmai 13.