火麻仁种质资源调查研究

大麻是药材火麻仁的主要植物基原,在我国栽培历史悠久,形成了众多珍贵的农家品种。但近年来由于产业结构调整,我国大麻种植面积锐减,资源分布状况发生了巨变,情况不明。笔者通过对全国各主要大麻产区进行资源调查发现,现今野生大麻资源已经很少,仅在新疆、云南和山东还有少量分布;种植规模较大的有安徽、云南、甘肃、黑龙江、内蒙古、广西、山西、四川、河南等省区;宁夏、陕西、河北、湖北、湖南、山东等省区有零星种植;东部沿海地区几乎没有。因此,建立药用火麻仁专用大麻种质资源库和园圃,对其进行保护性开发利用,势在必行。应对各地的大麻地方品种种子的药性加以筛选,确定产区,确保火麻仁药材的有效性和安全性,从而引导正确用药。

Investigation on the Germplasm Resources of Cannabis sativa L.

Cannabis sativa L.is the main original plant of FRUCTUS CANNABIS that has a long cultivation history in China.Although numerous rare varieties have been formed,the planting area of C.sativa is sharply reduced due to the adjustment of industrial structure in recent years,which results in the great changes of resources distribution.We find,most of the wild resources in the main producing areas have been consumed,only a small part of which are restricted to Sinkiang Province,Yunnan Province and Shandong Province.Currently,Cannabis sativa L.is cultivated extensively in Anhui,Yunnan,Gansu,Heilongjiang,Inner Mongolia,Guangxi,Shanxi,Sichuan,Henan and other provinces of China,sporadically cultivated in Ningxia,Shaanxi,Hebei,Hubei,Hunan and Shanxi,and seldom cultivated in the east coastal regions.Therefore,it is imperative to establish the germplasm resource library and nursery garden for special purpose in order to realize the protective development and utilization of Cannabis sativa L.Furthermore,seeds of native varieties should be screened based upon the drug properties to ensure the effectiveness and safety of its medicinal material FRUCTUS CANNABIS and to guide its rational use.