4个微卫星标记分析6个鸭群体之间的遗传关系

利用4对微卫星引物（AJ272577、AJ272578、AJ272579和AJ272580）对6个鸭群体（绍鸭、番鸭、樱桃谷鸭、北京鸭（Z4、Z1）和奥白星鸭）300只鸭的等位基因频率、群体多态信息含量、有效等位基因数、杂合度和遗传距离进行了检测。结果表明：4个微卫星基因座在6个鸭群体中均存在多态性，可以用于鸭的遗传多样性评估；且基因座AJ272578变异最大，基因座AJ272579变异最小，从不同群体来看，北京鸭Z1的遗传变异最大，奥白星鸭的遗传变异最小。基于Nei氏标准遗传距离，采用UPGMA方法构建了系统发生树，将绍鸭和樱桃谷鸭归为一类，北京鸭Z1、奥白星鸭和北京鸭Z4归为一类，番鸭归为一类。鸭的微卫星基因分型技术为检测品种（群体）之间的遗传关系提供了一个有用的工具。

Genetic Relationships among Six Ducks Populations Using Four Microsatellite Markers

Gene frequency,polymorphism information contents,number of effective alleles and locus heterozygosity were studied in 300 ducks of six populations(Shaoxing duck,Muscovy duck,Cherry duck,Peking duck(Z_1 and Z_4) and Aobaixing duck) using four microsatellite markers(AJ272577,AJ272578,AJ272579 and AJ272580).The result indicated that there are genetic polymorphisms at four microsatellite markers in six duck populations.Four microsatellite markers can be used for genetic diversity evaluation in duck populations.The genetic variability of AJ272578 is the highest,and AJ272579 is the lowest.The genetic variability of Peking duck(Z_1) is the highest,and Aobaixing duck is the lowest in six duck breeds.Based on Nei's standard genetic distance,dendrograms were constructed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA),Shaoxing duck and Muscovy duck were grouped together;Peking duck(Z_1),Aobaixing duck and Peking duck(Z_4) were clustered together,Muscovy duck was clustered another type.Microsatellite genotyping in ducks provided a useful tool for examining the genetic relationships among breeds(populations).