稻鸭共作中CH4和N2O排放规律及影响因素

稻鸭共作是目前稻田种养中的一种典型模式,其主要特点是利用鸭子在稻田内的活动,实现经济效益和生态效益的双赢。鸭子的存在丰富了生物多样性,充分利用了稻田生态位。鸭子的持续运动、觅食、排泄等活动会影响稻田温室气体甲烷(CH_4)和氧化亚氮(N_2O)的排放和全球增温潜势(GWP)。本文结合稻鸭共作中鸭子对稻田环境的扰动行为,从水体、土壤、CH_4和N_2O转化功能菌及种植技术等角度,总结探讨了稻鸭共作中温室气体CH_4和N_2O产生、输送和释放的过程与机理。针对当前稻鸭共作温室气体排放研究中存在的问题,提出了一系列建议和展望,以期为稻田种养温室气体减排的研究提供参考。

Emission pathways and influencing factors for CH4 and N2O from rice-duck farming

Rice-duck farming is one of the primary planting-breeding models in practice which provides both economic value and ecological benefits through duck activities in paddy fields. Not only can the ducks enrich the biodiversity in paddy fields, but also the ecosystem niche is fully utilized. The continuous movement, feeding activities, and duck excretions in paddy fields influence methane(CH₄)and nitrous oxide(N₂O)emissions and weaken the global warming potential of the ecosystem. Therefore, the study discussed the process of greenhouse gas production, transport and release in rice-duck farming with respect to the responses of water, soil, the functional bacterial community in CH₄, N₂O transformation and the planting techniques in rice-duck farming based on the perturbation of ducks'' activities on paddy environment. Considering the current research weaknesses in rice-duck farming, the study put forward a series of suggestions on mitigation of greenhouse gas emission in the planting-breeding models to provide scientific reference for future research.