通过强化产乙酸菌途径实现瘤胃甲烷减排

产乙酸菌是一类形态、营养和生理特征极其多样化的厌氧微生物。以二氧化碳为终端电子受体的氢依赖性乙酸生成过程与甲烷生成过程相比，热力学上处于劣势。产乙酸菌的代谢多样性使其广泛存在于自然界和动物肠道内。白蚁、鸵鸟和袋鼠等物种胃肠道内的产乙酸菌利用氢生成的乙酸可以满足动物自身 ７％ ～３３％的能量需要。瘤胃内也有产乙酸菌定植，是否可以通过强化瘤胃内产乙酸菌的代谢途径，减少反刍动物甲烷排放。为了回答这一问题，本文就瘤胃中产乙酸菌的菌群结构、产乙酸菌与产甲烷菌的竞争关系、产乙酸菌的利用战略进行了探讨。

Reducing Rumen Methane Emissions through Strengthening Acetogens Pathway

Acetogens are anaerophyte with different morphological,nutritional and physiological properties.The H2-CO2-dependent acetogenesis is more exergonic than H2-CO2-dependent methanogenesis.Acetogens can be found in almost all anoxic environments including animal gastrointestinal systems.Acetogenesis often out-competes methanogensis in the gut and stomach of termite,ostrich and kangaroo,and represent 7% to 33% of maintenance energy requirements of these animals.There are acetogens in the rumen.In order to answer if the reductive acetogenesis could be intensified in the rumen,the phylogeny of acetogens,the relationship between acetogens and methanogens,and the strategy of utilizing acetogens were reviewed in this paper.