复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响。将 ２４０只 １日龄雌性健康肉鸡随机分为 ４组，每组 ３个重复，每个重复 ２０只。试验预试期 ５ｄ，Ⅰ组为对照组，饲喂基础饲粮；Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组，在饲喂基础饲粮同时，分别定时在饮水中添加复合微生态制剂 Ａ及其佐剂 Ｂ，其中复合微生态制剂 Ａ的添加水平为饲粮的２．０‰，６日龄时开始添加，每周 ２次，每次饮用量为周采食量 ２．０‰的 １／２；复合微生态制剂佐剂Ｂ在 ７、１４和 ２１日龄免疫后分别连续使用 ３ｄ，每天 １次，每次饮用量为日采食量的 ０．５‰、１．０‰和 ２．０‰。正试期为 ３７ｄ。测定各组生产性能、肠道菌群数量、抗氧化指标和免疫指标。结果表明：１）在每个试验阶段，Ⅱ组肉鸡平均日增重均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），料重比均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且除 ７～１４日龄和 １５～２１日龄料重比外，Ⅱ组肉鸡平均日增重最高，料重比最低，与其他组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）１４日龄和 ２８日龄时，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡盲肠乳酸菌数量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；１４日龄时，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），２８日龄时，仅Ⅱ组肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３）２１、２８和 ３５日龄时，Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡血浆总抗氧化能力均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），２组之间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。４）１４日龄和 ４２日龄时，Ⅳ组肉鸡的脾脏指数最高，均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；１４、２８和 ４２日龄时，Ⅲ组肉鸡的法氏囊指数均较高，显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可知，２．０‰复合微生态制剂 Ａ和 ０．５‰复合微生态制剂佐剂 Ｂ能够提高肉鸡生产性能，改善其肠道微生态环境，提高其抗氧化能力。同时，复合微生态制剂及其佐剂的添加可在一定程度上增强肉鸡免疫功能。

Effects of Compound Probiotics on Performance,Intestinal Microflora, Antioxidant Indices and Immune Function of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound probiotics on the performance,intestinal microflora,antioxidant indices and immune function of broilers.Two hundred and forty 1-day-old famale broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 20 chickens per replicate.The chickens in the control group(group Ⅰ) were fed a basal diet,and those in other groups(groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were fed the basal diet and drank the water with compound probiotics A and its adjuvant B in different levels.From 6 days of age,compound probiotics A of 2.0‰ diets was supplemented twice a week(half of 2.0‰ of weekly feed intake at a time),and adjuvant B was supplemented for successive 3 days(once a day) after immunization at 7,14 and 21 days of age,respectively,and the supplemental level of adjuvant B was 0.5‰,1.0‰ and 2.0‰ of daily feed intake of broilers,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 5 days,and the experiment lasted for 37 days.Performance,intestinal microflora,antioxidant and immune indices were determined in different periods.The results showed as follows: 1) in every test period,compared with the control group,the average daily gain of broilers in group Ⅱ was significantly higher(P<0.05),and feed/gain(F/G) was significantly lower(P<0.05);except F/G at 7 to 14 days and 15 to 21 days,the average daily gain and F/G of broilers in group Ⅱ were significantly better than those in the other groups(P<0.05).2) The number of cecal Lactobacillus of broilers aged 14 and 28 days in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);the number of cecal E.coli of broilers aged 14 days in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);for 28-day-old broilers,only the number of cecal E.coli in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).3) The total antioxidant capacity in plasma of broilers aged 21,28 and 35 days in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P>0.05).4) The spleen index of broilers aged 14 and 42 days in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);the bursa of Fabricius index of broilers aged 14,28 and 42 days in group Ⅲ was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the supplementation of 2.0‰ compound probiotics A and 0.5‰ adjuvant B can improve performance,gain a better cecal micro-ecosystem,and enhance the antioxidant function of broilers.Meanwhile,the supplementation of compound probiotics and its adjuvant can improve the immune function of broilers to some degree.