精准变量施肥机的研制与试验

该文针对传统均匀施肥,没有考虑土壤肥力不一致的特点,介绍了一种可与国产拖拉机配套实现变量施肥的施肥机,该施肥机在GPS导航系统的帮助下可以按照预先设计的处方图实现变量施肥。机械采用国产的普通外槽轮作为变量施肥机的肥料计量装置,通过调整外槽轮的转动速度达到调整肥料量的目的。对变量施肥机械在田间的作业原理和机械的基本结构进行了详尽的介绍。针对变量施肥机施用肥料的种类不同,试验了在不同槽轮转速情况下,使用不同肥料排肥数量的变化情况。试验证明在施用尿素时要增加槽轮的排肥槽长度,在施用磷酸二铵等不规则的肥料时,应力求减少排肥槽轮的长度,通过增加槽轮转速达到提高排肥计量系统的精度。

Design and experiment of variable rate fertilizer applicator

The design and experiment of variable rate fertilizer applicator driven by home-made tractor were introduced in this paper. The applicator was guided by a GPS system. It can apply fertilizer based on the fertilizer prescription map. The mechanism of metering system for the applicator uses a flute wheel. The amount of fertilizer was determined by the rotation speed of flute wheel. The working process and structure of apllicator were also explained. The different kinds of fertilizer used for variable rate application were tested at four kinds of rotation flute speeds. The weight of fertiliizer every rotation was compared. It shows that the flute wheel can be used for metering fertilizer in variable rate applicator. The flute speed affects the precision of different kinds of fertilizer. The length of the flute needs to be extended when applying urine. And it needs to be decreased and increases its rotation speed when applying amonnia phosphate.