膜下滴灌高产棉花冠层结构特征研究

[目的]为棉花高产栽培提供理论依据。[方法]以小叶型棉花品种新陆早10号和大叶型棉花品种新陆早12号为材料,以低产棉(1 500~1 650 kg皮棉/hm2)为对照,研究高产棉(2 475~2 550 kg皮棉/hm2)群体的冠层结构特征。[结果]皮棉产量达到2 550 kg/hm2的棉花其群体的冠层结构因品种而异,小叶型品种的叶面积指数(LAI)在盛铃期为3.92~4.04,盛铃期至吐絮期保持在3.11~3.39;全生育期平均叶倾角(MFIA)在40.76°~42.56°,群体直射辐射透过系数(TR)和散射辐射透过系数(TD)在盛铃期分别为0.120~0.130和0.129~0.153,在吐絮期分别为0.156~0.180和0.175~0.197。大叶型品种的LAI在盛铃期为4.14~4.38,盛铃期至吐絮期保持在3.32~3.54;全生育期平均MLA在49.17~53.31,TR和TD在盛铃期分别为0.113~0.117和0.139~0.171,在吐絮期分别为0.135~0.171和0.169~0.237。[结论]棉花品种不同,实现2 550 kg皮棉/hm2所要求的冠层结构不同。

Study on Characteristics of Canopy Structure of High-yield Cotton with Drip Irrigation under Mulch

[Objective] The study was to provide the theoretical basis for high yield cultivation of cotton.[Method] With smallleaf type cotton variety Xinluzao 10 and big leaf type cotton variety Xinluzao 12 as materials and the low-yield cotton(1 500-1 650 kg lint/hm2)as CK,the characteristics of canopy structure of the population of high-yield cotton(2 475-2 550 kg lint/hm2)was studied.[Result] When the line yield of cotton reached 2 550 kg/hm2,the characteristics of canopy structure of cotton population was different with different varieties.The leaf area index(LAI) of smallleaf variety in full-boll stage was 3.92-4.04, and that from full-boll stage to boll opening stage remained 3.11-3.39.The mean leaf angle(MLA) of smallleaf variety in the whole growth stage was between 40.76° and 42.56°.The transmition coefficient for radiation penetration(TR) and transmition coefficient for diffuse radiation(TD) of the population in full-boll stage were 0.120-0.130 and 0.129-0.153 resp.and that in boll opening stage were 0.156-0.180 and 0.175-0.197 resp.The LAI of big leaf variety in full-boll stage was 4.14-4.38,and that from full-boll stage to boll opening stage remained 3.32-3.54.The MLA in the whole growth stage was between 49.17 and 53.31.TR and TD in full-boll stage were 0.113-0.117 and 0.139-0.171 resp.and that in boll opening stage were 0.135-0.171 and 0.169-0.237 resp.[Conclusion] When the cotton variety was different,the canopy structure of cotton population required to realize 2 550 kg lint/hm2 was different.