食源性致病菌单细胞观测与预测的研究进展

微生物在单细胞水平下的生长普遍具有随机性和变异性,同时低菌量污染食品所造成的危害风险亦不可忽视,因此食源性致病菌单细胞的生长观测及预测研究逐渐成为食品预测微生物学及食源性致病菌风险评估的研究热点。在分析现有相关文献的基础上,将目前主要的食源性致病菌单细胞生长观测研究分为间接推断和直接观测两类方法;同时对食源性致病菌单细胞生长预测的模型参数与建模过程进行概述,比较了传统预测微生物的决定模型与微生物单细胞的随机模型二者之间的区别,强调了单细胞生长模型需在随机建模的基础上开展,并通过个体建模方法进一步联系其与所在食品环境之间的关系。最后,分析了食源性致病菌单细胞生长观测与预测的现状,并展望了其未来与食品安全风险评估相结合的发展趋势。

Progress of Observation and Prediction for Foodborne Pathogen Single Cell

The research on the growth of the foodborne pathogen in the single cell level is popular and necessary for its random and variability, which is different from it in the population level. Based on the related research literatures, the observation methods of the pathogen single cell are summarized as indirect and direct methods. The indirect method is based on the turbidity method and theoretical hypothesis, meanwhile,the direct method is using the optical devices to record the division process of the cells. For the character of the growth in single cell level, the single cell growth prediction model should be built on the stochastic model rather than the deterministic model used in the traditional predictive microbiology. Modelling the stochastic division process by the individual based method makes it possible to explain the relations between the single cell and its living environments. The observation and prediction for foodborne pathogen single cell is the foundation to control the risk of the food with low contamination. Analysis indicates that the pathogen single cell growth prediction tends to be combined with food risk assessment.