藏西北高寒牧区气候特征及草地退化原因分析

本文利用藏西北高寒牧区9个气象站1971~2005年共35年的观测资料以及现代气候统计方法,分析了该区域与牧草长势相关的温度、降水、蒸发量等气象因子气候变化特征。分析表明,近35年来,藏西北高寒牧区平均温度、降水量的变化趋势为逐年增加,蒸发量逐年减小;各季节的变化与年变化趋势大致相同;藏西北高寒牧区两大区域,阿里地区的北部和那曲地区的气候特征存在明显差异;从牧草生长最重要的热量和水分条件来看,阿里牧区的气候变化特征朝着干热方向发展,对牧草的生长有不利影响,而那曲牧区气候变化特征为暖湿型,有利于牧草生长。然而,通过对整个藏西北高寒牧区牧草的研究表明,无论是阿里地区还是那曲地区,牧草都呈现出了退化趋势,导致草地退化的主要因素,除自然天气气候因素外,人类活动不可忽视。

Study on Climate Feature and Grass Degeneration on Northwest Tibet

With the observation data from 1971 to 2005 at 9 stations over northwest Tibet(high altitude and cold pasturing area) and climate statistics method,this research analyzed the climate change features of temperature,precipitation and evaporation which are closely related to the tendency of grass growth over above areas.Results showed that the temperature and precipitation increased,but the evaporation decreased in the past 35 years;the annual variation tendency was similar to seasonal change;the climate featu...