河西走廊油菜蜜蜂授粉研究报告

为了探明河西走廊地区油菜蜜蜂授粉增产效果,建立蜜蜂为油菜授粉示范推广基地,进行了蜜蜂为油菜花授粉的试验,以大田白菜型青油9号油菜为材料,选择距蜂群500、700、1000、2000、3000、4000、5000m和无蜂区观测不同实验组的油菜籽产量、出油率、结荚率、千粒重、角粒数、发芽率6个指标,结果表明,授粉距离越近,访花蜜蜂数越多,授粉效果越好。与自然授粉比较,油菜籽产量增产3.06%～21.52%,出油率提高0.60%～8.91%,结荚率提高3.19%～24.26%,千粒重增加1.37%～12.88%,角粒数增加7.62%～48.90%,发芽率的增长没有多大影响。在河西走廊地区蜜蜂为白菜型青油9号油菜授粉,授粉有效半径越小,授粉效果越显著,500～1000m区域内授粉效果差异极显著。

Preliminary Report of Oilseed Rape (Brassica compestris L.) Pollination by Honeybee (Apis mellifera Ligustica) in the Hexi (Gansu) Corridor

In order to acquire the effect of honeybee pollination on oilseed rape production and make out an ef- ficient honeybee pollination technology on the foot of a Qilian mount in the Hexi （Gansu）Corridor. we used honeybee to pollinate the oilseed rape under the high elevation and cool circumstance. The honeybee colony was place on the near edge of rape field. The oilseed production yield, rate of oil. pod setting rate and thousand-seed weight were measured from the rape tree where it was far from the colony 500, 700, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000, 4 000, 5 000 m. The results showed that the honeybee pollination oilseed rape field increased the production yield from 3.06% to 21.52%, rate of oil from 0.60% to 8.91%, pod setting rate 3.19% to 24.26% and thousand-seed weight from 1.37% to 12.88%,amount of rapeseed 7.62% to 48.90% , no influence about germinating ability. With the distance far from the colony, the bee visiting frequency decreased, pollination was affected greatly by the distance. Honeybee can significantly improve the oilseed rape production quantity and quality in 500 m to 1000 m.