铁矿生态修复区生态系统服务价值增量评估

为探索建立矿山生态环境损害补偿性恢复的生态系统服务价值评估方法，利用遥感和GIS（地理信息系统）技术，选取内蒙古某钢铁企业的尾矿库边坡绿化、人工湿地、植树造林等3种类型的生态修复区，调查评估了不同类型铁矿生态修复区的生态系统服务价值。结果表明：2016-2018年3种生态修复区面积呈不同程度增加趋势，边坡绿化区草地面积所占比例相比2016年提高了85.4个百分点；人工湿地区湿地面积占比相比2016年提高了33.3个百分点；植树造林区森林面积占比相比2016年提高了38.4个百分点；边坡绿化区与人工湿地区生态修复面积逐步由东向西增加，植树造林区生态修复面积由东西两侧向中部增加。2016-2018年3种生态修复区生态系统服务价值呈不同程度增加趋势，其中生态系统服务价值总量相比2016年增加了520.68万元，3种生态修复区生态系统服务价值分别增加了218.03万、258.96万元和43.69万元；边坡绿化区调节服务生态服务价值量相比2016年增加了141.60万元；人工湿地区调节服务生态服务价值量相比2016年增加了165.54万元，植树造林区调节服务价值量相比2016年增加了27.75万元。研究结果可为矿山企业落实生态环境治理主体责任、积极开展矿山生态修复提供实践依据。

Incremental evaluation of the ecosystem service value in the ecological restoration area of an iron mine

Mine ecological restoration can be divided into in situ restoration and alternative restoration of abandoned land, which is an important way to reduce the damage of mineral resources extraction to the ecological environment. Using remote sensing and GIS technology, three kinds of ecological restoration, namely slope greening of tailings bank, construction of wetland, and afforestation of an iron and steel enterprise in Inner Mongolia were selected. The ecosystem service value of different types of ecological restoration areas, which were previously iron mines, were investigated and evaluated. The results showed that:The area of the three ecological restoration areas increased in different degrees in 2016-2018, and the proportion of grassland area in the green area of the slope increased by 85.4 per cent compared with 2016; The wetland area in the constructed wet area increased by 33.3 per cent compared with 2016; The forested area of the afforestation area increased by 38.4 per cent compared with 2016; And the ecological restoration area of the green slope area and the artificial wet area gradually increased from east to west, and the ecological restoration of the afforestation area increased from east, west to the middle. The value of ecosystem services in the three ecological restoration areas increased in different degrees from 2016 to 2018; The total value of ecosystem services increased by 5.21 million yuan compared with 2016, and the value of ecosystem services in the three ecological restoration areas increased by 2.18 million, 2.59 million yuan, and 436 900 yuan; The value of ecological services for regulating green areas in the slope increased by 1.42 million yuan compared with 2016; The value of ecological services for regulating wetland services increased by 1.66 million yuan compared with 2016; And the value of the adjustment service in the afforestation area increased by 277 500 yuan compared with the value of 2016. The study provide a practical basis for mining enterprises to implement their main responsibility on ecological environment governance and actively perform mine ecological restoration.