晋北大型露天矿区生态系统弹性研究

为定量评估矿区生态系统弹性，从系统内在能力的角度揭示矿区在面临扰动时的状态保持与演变过程，本研究利用七期Landsat TM影像解译后的土地利用数据，结合遥感（RS）与地理信息系统（GIS）技术计算的植被覆盖度，运用生态弹性度计算模型，从土地利用显性形态变化的角度分析了1990-2018年整个平朔矿区以及三大矿山生态弹性度的动态变化。结果表明：1990-2018年整个平朔矿区的弹性值介于5~10之间，最大值为9.83，最小值为5.53；1996-2000年弹性值下降明显，2000-2014年弹性值不断上升但速度逐渐变缓，2014-2018年转为下降，但弹性值依然处于9~10之间，生态环境有所改善。矿山区域的生态弹性度差异明显，安太堡矿的弹性值一直处于较低水平，最大值仅为4.05；安家岭矿的弹性值呈现先上升后下降的趋势，弹性值峰值为5.26，最小值为3.57；东露天矿的弹性值呈下降趋势，但一直维持在5~6之间。矿山开采导致矿山区域的生态弹性度处于较低水平，2009年后矿山生态弹性度持续下降，平朔矿区的生态弹性度整体受到负向驱动，生态弹性动态度不断减小。研究表明，矿区生态弹性度的变化受土地利用类型与植被覆盖度影响较大，矿山生态弹性度的变化会通过尺度效应传递到整个矿区。

Study on ecosystem resilience of large-scale open pit mining area in north Shanxi

By quantitatively assessing the resilience of the mining ecosystem, the state of the system can be revealed from the perspective of the intrinsic carrying capacity of the mining area. In this study, we used land use data based on an interpretation of seven time periods Landsat TM images, combined with the vegetation coverage data calculated by remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) technology. Using the ecological elasticity calculation model, from the perspective of dominant morphological changes in land use, the dynamic changes in the ecological elasticity of the entire Pingshuo mining area and the three mines were analyzed for the time period 1990-2018. The results showed that from 1990 to 2018 the elasticity value of the entire Pingshuo mining area was between 5 and 10. The maximum value was 9.83 and the minimum value was 5.53. The elasticity value decreased significantly from 1996 to 2000. From 2000 to 2014, the elasticity value rose but the rate of increase gradually slowed until the elasticity declined between 2014 and 2018. Nevertheless, the elasticity value was still between 9 and 10, indicating that the ecological environment had improved. The ecological elasticity of the mine areas themselves was markedly different. The elasticity value of the Antaibao mine had been at a low level, and the maximum value was only 4.05. The elasticity value of the Anjialing mine increased and then decreased; the peak value was 5.26 and the minimum was 3.57. The elasticity value of the East open-pit mine showed a downward trend but remained between 5 and 6. Mining has caused the ecological elasticity of the mine area to be at a low level. After 2009, the ecological elasticity of the mine continued to decline. The ecological elasticity of the Pingshuo mining area was driven negatively, and the ecological elasticity dynamics continued to decrease. Studies have shown that the change in ecological elasticity of mining areas is greatly affected by land use type and vegetation coverage, and that this change will be transmitted to the whole mining area through a scale effect.