我国蚕茧生产成本变化的实证分析

以时间和空间为维度,梳理了1991～2010年间我国蚕茧生产成本资料,从蚕茧生产成本与蚕农收益的关系、蚕茧生产成本波动及成本结构的变化、7个蚕茧主产省(区)的蚕茧生产成本比较、蚕茧与其它农作物的比较效益等方面进行实证分析。结果表明:蚕茧生产成本变化与养蚕收益的变化有密切关系;全国蚕茧生产成本在1991～2010年明显呈现出"谷—峰—谷—峰"的变化特征;蚕茧生产总成本中人工费用占比明显高于物质费用;7个蚕茧主产省(区)的蚕茧生产成本相比较,四川省的生产成本最低,陕西省最高;与其它竞争作物蔬菜、水果、棉花相比,蚕茧生产成本依旧相对较高,比较效益较低。创新省力化养蚕技术及培育高产蚕、桑新品种,提高蚕农收益,是保障蚕丝业可持续发展的关键。

Empirical Analysis on Cost Variation of Cocoon Production in China

In this paper,we examined and processed data of silkworm cocoon production cost from 1991 to 2010 in different regions of China,and conducted empirical analyses from angles of the relationship between cocoon production cost and sericultural farmers’ income,cocoon production cost fluctuation and cost structure change,comparison of cocoon production cost in seven major cocoon producing provinces(districts),and comparative profit between silkworm cocoon and other crops.The results showed that there was a close relationship between change of silkworm cocoon production cost and change of farmers’ income.The variation of silkworm cocoon production cost in China showed an obvious "Valley—Peak—Valley—Peak" pattern from 1991 to 2010.The labor cost in total silkworm cocoon production cost was obviously higher than material cost.Among the seven major cocoon producing provinces(districts),the production cost in Sichuan Province was the lowest and that in Shaanxi Province was the highest.Compared to other crops such as vegetable,fruit and cotton,silkworm cocoon production cost remained relatively higher and the comparative profit was lower.It is put forward that innovation of labor-saving silkworm rearing technology and cultivation of high-yield silkworm and mulberry varieties are the keys to increase sericultural farmers’ income and to guarantee sustainable development of silk industry.