K型小麦雄性不育系育性敏感时期核糖核酸酶活性及可溶性蛋白质含量的变化

为了探讨核糖核酸酯及可溶性蛋白质与小麦育性的关系，以1B／1R类和非1B／1R类K型小麦雄性不育系及保持系为材料，对花粉发育过程中倒二叶和花药中核糖核酸酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量进行了研究。结果表明，不育系花药中核糖核酸酶活性在二核期之前显著高于保持系，呈上升趋势，二核期以后急剧下降，不育系花药中可溶性蛋白质含量在二核期显著下降，明显低于保持系。不育系叶片中的核糖核酸酶活性与相应的保持系差异显著，不育系和保持系叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量在整个生育期变化没有花药中可溶性蛋白质含量变化明显。两类不育系间核糖核酸酶活性和蛋白质含量差异显著。由此说明，不育系雄蕊的核糖核酸酶活性异常升高致使可溶性蛋白质含量显著下降，导致细胞生理代谢紊乱，可能是花粉败育的重要原因，而不育系花粉败育的关键时期可能是二核期。

Changes of RNase and Protein Content in the Fertility Sensitive Period of Wheat Male Sterile Lines

The anther abortion processes in two different types of male sterile wheat lines and their maintainers were studied. Male sterile wheat lines were selected to study the activities of RNase and the amount of protein in penultimate leaves and anthers at different growth stages of spikes. The results showed that the RNase vitality increased before the dinucleate stage and the activities of RNase were higher markedly in male sterile lines than those in their maintainers, after the dinucleate stage the activities of RNase rapidly decreased; the amount of protein of pollens were lower markedly in male sterile lines than those in their maintainers at the dinucleate stage; the activities of RNase in penultimate leaves changed remarkblely ,but the amount of protein in penultimlate leaves of male sterile lines and male sterile lines were remarkblely diferent, the activities of RNase in pollens rapidly increased, the amount of protein remarkable droped, The radical reason resulting male sterility was the disorder of cell physiological function, which may cause abortion of microspore; The periods of dinucleate stage may be the key to microspore abortion.