18个品种蓝靛果营养成分分析及综合品质评价

为了研究不同品种蓝靛果各指标的差异,确定影响其品质的关键指标,对不同品种蓝靛果进行综合评价并分类。以18个品种蓝靛果为研究对象,基于百粒质量、可溶性固形物含量、含水率、总酸、可溶性糖、糖酸比、总酚、总黄酮、花色苷、维生素C、铁、钙、感官评分、胰脂肪酶抑制率等各项指标的差异,通过相关性分析、主成分分析,建立一套综合评价蓝靛果品质的方法,并结合热图聚类分析将18个品种的蓝靛果进行分类,根据各类蓝靛果特点分析其潜在应用方向。测定结果显示不同品种蓝靛果多项指标存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,经各指标之间相关性分析可得总酸与总酚、总黄酮以及花色苷含量之间呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,胰脂肪酶抑制率与总酸含量呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与花色苷含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,感官评分与百粒质量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。经主成分分析,提取出5个主成分,累计贡献率达84.524%,总酸、总酚、总黄酮、花色苷含量以及胰脂肪酶抑制率是评价蓝靛果品质的关键指标。根据综合评价函数计算综合得分,排名前五的品种分别是"谢列娜"（42.38）、"蓓蕾"（41.04）、"别列里"（39.26）、"乌兰"（35.38）和"炭火"（34.56）,此5种蓝靛果品质优良,可用于选育新品种或定向育种。经热图聚类分析可将18个品种蓝靛果分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,各分别含有4、5、9个品种。第Ⅰ类蓝靛果适宜鲜食;第Ⅱ类蓝靛果适合开发具有辅助降脂功能的保健食品;第Ⅲ类蓝靛果适宜开发成休闲食品,其中"阿索里"1-100-82"33-11-82"和"蓝纺锤"适合开发果汁、果酒等产品,"蓝色温柔"伊利亚特"托米奇卡"瓦秀岗"炭火"适合加工果酱、果脯、罐头等产品。研究结果为蓝靛果的定向育种提供一定参考,为不同品种蓝靛果的开发利用提供理论依据,也为蓝靛果等浆果品质分析、综合评价及合理分类提供系统可靠的方法。

Nutritional component analysis and comprehensive quality evaluation of 18 different varieties of Lonicera caerulea

Lonicera caerulea is one of the fruits rich in vitamins, active substances, and minerals for the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. The breeding can be relatively late in recent years, leading to the relatively scarce product development for Lonicera caerulea in China. Moreover, Lonicera caerulea can vary outstandingly in its various varieties. There is no systematic evaluation of the quality of Lonicera caerulea at present. This study aims to determine the key indicators of the quality for the systematic evaluation and classification of the different varieties of Lonicera caerulea. Taking 18 varieties of Lonicera caerulea as the research object, some indicators were selected to clarify the differences in 100-grain weight, soluble solid content, moisture, total acid, soluble sugar, sugar-acid ratio, total phenol, total flavonoids, anthocyanin, vitamin C, iron, calcium, sensory evaluation, and pancreatic lipase inhibition rate. A comprehensive evaluation of Lonicera caerulea quality was established by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. 18 varieties of Lonicera caerulea were classified by the heat map clustering analysis, according to the characteristics of various Lonicera caerulea. The potential application direction was also analyzed after the evaluation. The results showed that there were significant differences in each index of different varieties of Lonicera caerulea (P<0.05). The correlation analysis between each index showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the contents of total acids, total phenols, total flavonoids, and anthocyanin (P< 0.05). The inhibition rate of pancreatic lipase was significantly positively correlated with the total acid content (P<0.01), and the anthocyanin content (P<0.05), respectively. The sensory evaluation score was significantly positively correlated with the 100-seed weight (P<0.05). Five principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, where the cumulative contribution rate was 84.524 %. The contents of total acids, total phenols, total flavonoids, anthocyanins, and pancreatic lipase inhibition rate were the key indicators to evaluate the quality of Lonicera caerulea. According to the comprehensive evaluation function, the top five varieties were Serena (42.38), Beilei (41.04), Beleri (39.26), Ulan (35.38), and Charcoal fire (34.56). These five varieties presented excellent quality for the new varieties or directional breeding. The 18 varieties of Lonicera caerulea were divided into I, II, and III groups by the heat map clustering analysis, each containing 4, 5, and 9 varieties. Specifically, type I Lonicera caerulea was suitable for the fresh food, type II Lonicera caerulea was for the developing health food with auxiliary lipid-lowering function, and type III Lonicera caerulea was for the development of leisure food, where the Asori, 1-100-82, 33-11-82 and Blue spindle were suitable for the developing juice, and wine, as well as the soft blue, Iliad, Tomicka, Waxiugang and Charcoal fire were suitable for the processing jam, preserved fruit and canned products. This finding can provide a strong reference for the directional breeding in the development and utilization of different varieties of Lonicera caerulea. A systematic and reliable evaluation can be widely expected to serve as the quality analysis and comprehensive classification of Lonicera caerulea.