空间冲突-功能障碍视角下国土综合整治内涵、机制与实证

国土综合整治是解决资源环境矛盾、协调人地关系的重要手段。面向新时期国土综合整治的目标与需求,该研究基于国土"空间冲突-功能障碍"的解析视角,提出以"问题-途径-目标"为导向的国土综合整治理论体系,构建面向显性矛盾与隐性障碍的国土综合整治实施机制,通过国土空间冲突规模识别与功能障碍因子评价,提出耦合显著冲突与首位障碍的国土综合整治"分区+类型"模式,并以四川省为研究区进行案例分析。结果表明：1）四川省国土空间冲突存在显著的空间差异特征,冲突激烈的区域主要分布在省域东部和南部,全省管控冲突与利用冲突规模分别为42.93万hm2、20.91万hm2;2）四川省"三生"功能水平分布呈现出空间集聚特征,成都平原区和盆地丘陵区生产、生活功能水平较高,而盆周山地区生态功能水平最高,全省范围内阻碍"三生"功能发挥最显著的障碍因子分别为耕地布局、生活保障和生态保障;3）结合冲突识别与障碍评价结果,利用国土综合整治分区分类模型,面向县域单元将四川省划分为16种国土综合整治模式,提出了具有时空差异性实施方案的国土综合整治策略。研究结果有利于深化国土综合整治的理论研究和实践认知,为省（市）域尺度下国土综合整治工作及相关规划开展提供参考和支撑。

Connotation, mechanism and demonstration of integrated territory consolidation from the perspective of "spatial conflicts-functional obstacles"

Integrated territory consolidation has been used to alleviate the contradiction between resources and environment in the new era. It is a high demand to define the connotation and then determine the work tasks for the land rectification. In this research, a theoretical system of integrated territory consolidation was proposed for the "problem-approach-goal", together with the comprehensive remediation program of "elements transformation, boundary control, and global remediation" under the guidance of "point-line-plane" all-round remediation using the analytical perspective of land "spatial conflict-functional obstacles". An implementation mechanism of integrated territory consolidation was constructed for the explicit contradictions and hidden obstacles, particularly for the requirements. After that, the relevant policies and standards were selected to identify the conflicts in the territorial space, including five conflict manifestations: ecological protection, basic farmland, construction land management, reserve cultivated land resources, as well as abandoned industrial and mining land. An evaluation system of land functions was established in terms of the "production-living-ecological" function and the connotation. The land functional obstacles were identified, according to the obstacle degree model. The conflicts and obstacles were regarded as the focus of short-term and long-term remediation tasks, respectively. A "partitions + type" model of integrated territory consolidation was formulated with the naming principle of "significant conflict + first obstacle". A case study was carried out in Sichuan Province, China. The empirical analysis greatly contributed to solving the real contradictions and short boards for the land potential and the theoretical mechanism. The results were as follows. 1) There were significant spatial differences in the land conflicts in the study area. The areas with intense conflicts were mainly distributed in the eastern and southern parts of the province. 2) The "production-living-ecological" functional level distribution presented spatial agglomeration characteristics. The production function exhibited a distribution trend of "high in the middle-low in the east and west". The living function showed a significant distribution of the east high and west low. The high-level areas were mainly distributed in the eastern plains and hilly areas. The ecological function was generally presented in the low distribution of the east or high west, whereas, the high levels were mainly located in the mountains around the Sichuan Basin. The most significant obstacle factors that hinder the "production-living-ecological" function in the province were cultivated land layout, living security, and ecological security. 3) According to the land-space conflict identification and functional impairment evaluation, Sichuan Province can be divided into four partitions of remediation areas: key remediation, urgent tidy, prior digging and moderate optimization areas, with the eight types including "layout optimization-facilities improvement-ecological protection". 16 integrated territory consolidation modes can be obtained for the coupling types and partitions, corresponding to the short-term, long-term remediation strategies. Each county can take the remediation measures, according to local conditions and zoning classification. The research can be conducive to the theoretical research and practical cognition of integrated territory consolidation. The finding can also provide a strong reference for the consolidation and planning at the provincial (city) scale.