优质稻核心种质黄华占及其衍生系统理想模式研究

 为了构建优质稻核心种质黄华占及其衍生系统理想模式，指导黄华占及其衍生系统品种的进一步遗传改良，2007年早季和晚季在广州进行大田试验，设计随机区组试验考查黄华占及其衍生品种的综合农艺性状，整合黄华占及其衍生品种在南方稻区省级水稻区试结果，构建黄华占及其衍生系统理想模式。黄华占及其衍生系统的早季产量与每穗总粒数和倒2叶长呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.716和0.825；与每株有效穗数呈显著负相关，相关系数为-0.795。早季总粒数因子增加1个单位，产量增加3.17个单位。晚季产量与千粒重呈显著正相关，相关系数为0.734；食味品质与剑叶长、倒2叶长、倒3叶长呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.798、0.794和0.831。晚季剑叶宽因子减少1个单位，产量增加2.06个单位。广州地区优质稻核心种质黄华占及其衍生系统理想模式早晚季有所不同，早季应注重选育大穗、长穗、较长上3叶的株（品）系；在晚季应注重较高千粒重和较窄上3叶的株（品）系。

Ideal Type of Rice Core Germplasm Huanghuazhan and Its Derivatives with Good Grain Quality

To construct the ideal type of core germplasm Huanghuazhan and its derivatives, the performances of Huanghuazhan and its pedigree varieties were investigated in early and late cropping seasons of 2007 in Guangzhou, China （113°17′E, 23°8′N）. In early cropping season, the yield was significantly and positively correlated to spikelet number per panicle (r=0716) and the length of the 2nd top leaf (r=0.825), and significantly negatively correlated to productive panicle number per plant (r=-0.795). Every 1 unit increase in the spikelet number factor caused an increase of 3.17 unit in yield. In late cropping season, the yield was significantly and positively correlated to 1000 grain weight (r=0.734). Eating quality was significantly and positively correlated to length of flag leaf, length of the 2nd top leaf and length of the 3rd top leaf, with correlation coefficients of 0.798, 0.794 and 0.831, respectively. Every 1 unit decrease in the flag leaf width factor had a 2.06 unit increase in yield. Ideal type of the core germplasm Huanghuazhan and its derivatives for early cropping season was different from that for late cropping season. Emphasis should be paid on selection of the plant type with fewer panicles, bigger and longer panicle, and longer functional leaves in early cropping season and higher 1000 grain weight, longer and narrower functional leaves in late cropping season in the breeding nursery in Guangzhou, China.