菜田节肢动物的类群结构与数量动态

系统调查表明 ,菜田节肢动物类群包括昆虫 13目 6 5科 16 7种 ,其中害虫 8目 2 3科 79种 ;天敌 6目 18科 4 6种 ;中性昆虫 9目 2 4科 4 2种 ;螨类 2目 3科 4种 ,其中螨类天敌 1种 ;蜘蛛 8科 18种 .不同蔬菜种类上的优势害虫、捕食性天敌和蜘蛛的种类数量、多样性以及优势度的变化差异较大 ,决定菜田节肢动物多样性指数的主要因素为优势集中性指数和物种均匀性的变化 .因此 ,限制化学杀虫剂的使用 ,逐步恢复菜田节肢动物类群多样性 ,尤其是天敌的控制能力 ,在害虫生态控制中取着重要的作用 .

Structure and quantity dynamic of arthropod communities in vegetable fields

According to systematic investigation, arthropod communities in vegetable fields consist of 167 species in 65 families of 13 orders of insects including 79 species in 23 families of 8 orders of pests, 46 species in 18 families of 6 orders of natural enemies and 42 species in 24 families of 9 orders of neutral insects; 4 species in 3 families of 2 orders of mites including 1 species of predatory mites; as well as 18 species in 8 families of spiders. There is a significant difference in the change of species quantity, diversity and dominancy of dominant pests, predatory natural enemies and spiders between different vegetable varieties. The diversity index of arthropod is mainly determined by the dominant concentration index and species evenness. Therefore, restriction of the use of chemical insecticides to resume diversity of arthropod communities and ability of natural enemies will play an important role in ecological control of pests in vegetable fields.