全株脆性突变水稻在奶牛瘤胃内降解特性的研究

通过本试验确定全株脆性突变水稻是否可作为优质饲料稻的中间育种材料,以便为进一步解决南方饲草缺乏和开发饲料资源打下基础。本试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦牛,采用尼龙袋法研究了全株脆性突变（Brittleness Mutation,BM）水稻及其亲本中花11（Zhonghua11）在瘤胃内的降解特性。结果表明：（1）黄熟期全株BM水稻营养成分与对照亲本存在较大的差异。其中,全株BM水稻半纤维素含量极显著高于对照亲本（P〈0.01）,而NFE含量则极显著低于对照亲本（P〈0.01）;（2）24h后的各个时间点,全株BM水稻DM降解率极显著低于对照亲本（P〈0.01）,NDF、ADF、半纤维素和纤维素的降解率则极显著高于对照亲本（P〈0.01）;（3）对于瘤胃有效降解率,全株BM水稻DM有效降解率极显著低于对照亲本（P〈0.01）,NDF、ADF和半纤维素有效降解率明显高于对照亲本;（4）通过透射电镜观察,与对照亲本相比,全株脆性突变水稻的厚壁组织细胞壁明显变薄。全株脆性突变水稻可以作为优质饲料稻选育的中间育种材料。

Study on Rumen Degradability Characteristics of Brittleness Mutation Rice by Cows

In the study we can get the conclution that the Brittleness Mutation rice can be used as middle breeding material of fine quality fodder-rice or not,and pave the way for the shorting of forage and exploitation feed resource.In the study three Holstein cows with a permanent rumen cannula were used to measure rumen degradability characteristics of Brittleness Mutation（BM）rice and its wild type japonica variety Zhonghua-11.The results shows that：（1）Compared with the wild type,at yellow mature stage hemi-cellulose content of whole crop BM-rice was significantly increased（P0.01）,but its NFE content was significantly decreased（P0.01）.（2）At different time after 24h,compared with the wild type,DM degradability of whole crop BM-rice was significantly decreased（P0.01）,but its NDF、ADF、Hemi-cellulose and cellulose degradability were significantly increased（P0.01）.（3）For rumen fermentation characteristics,effective DM degradability of whole crop BM-rice was significantly lower than the wild type,but its effective NDF,ADF and Hemi-cellulose degradability was higher than the wild type.（4）compared with CK-rice,BM-rice had thinner cell wall of sclerenchyma.In conclusion,BM-rice has the advantage of using as the middle breeding material of fine quality fodder-rice.