覆盖方式对信阳五月鲜桃果园土壤和树体光合特性的影响

为了筛选出适宜豫南地区的信阳五月鲜桃果园节水覆盖措施,以5年生桃树为试材,研究了覆膜、覆草覆膜、棚内覆草、棚内清耕4种地表管理措施对信阳五月鲜桃果园土壤含水量和树体光合特性的影响。结果表明:不同地表管理措施均能够显著减少地表水分蒸发,提高水分利用效率,避雨栽培和覆草处理可有效降低土壤温度;避雨栽培措施下信阳五月鲜桃叶片的光合速率日变化由露地的"双峰"曲线变为"单峰"曲线;棚内覆草能够有效提高信阳五月鲜桃叶片光合速率,减轻由遮光带来的群体光照强度降低,叶片光合速率下降的负面影响;棚内覆草措施下果实可溶性固形物含量明显下降。

Effects of mulch measures on photosynthetic characteristics of trees in Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach orchard

In order to screen out some water-saving mulch measures suitable for Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach orchard in southern Henan,using 5-year-old peach trees as test materials,effects of four kinds of surface management measures on soil moisture content and photosynthetic characteristics of trees in Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach orchard,including mulching film,mulching straw and film,mulching straw in shed,and tillage in shed.The results showed that different surface management measures could significantly reduce surface evaporation and improve water use efficiency.Rainshelter and mulching straw treatment could effectively reduce soil temperature.Diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate of Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach leaves under rain-shelter cultivation measures changed from a double-peak curve in open field to a single-peak curve.Mulching straw in shed could effectively improve photosynthetic rate of Xinyang Wuyuexian Peach and alleviate negative impacts of decreasing group light intensity and leaf photosynthetic rates caused by shading.Soluble solids content was significantly decreased under the condition of mulching straw in shed.