皖北主产烟区亳州市谯城区农田耕作层土壤钾素研究

亳州市谯城区是皖北烟叶主产区,但烟叶钾含量低,导致烟叶品质不高。土壤钾素状况是影响烟叶钾含量的主要因素之一,为此,本研究于2013年采集谯城区90个典型农田的耕作层土壤,测定了其全钾、缓效钾和速效钾含量,并与第二次土壤普查的相应结果进行了对比,旨在摸清谯城区农田耕作层土壤钾素现状及其变化趋势,通过指导钾肥施用提高烟叶含钾量。研究结果表明:谯城区农田耕作层土壤缓效钾和速效钾含量总体上较高,但现烟叶种植集中的西北部是土壤缓效钾和速效钾含量相对最低的地区;与第二次土壤普查期间相比,种烟少的土壤耕作层速效钾含量呈增加趋势,但种烟多的土壤耕作层速效钾呈勉强平衡或亏损状态;西北部应加大烟叶种植期间钾肥施用量,并可以考虑在土壤缓效钾和速效钾含量较高的西南部和中部扩大烟叶种植面积。

Potassium Status of Plough Horizons of Typical Fields in Qiaocheng of Bozhou City

QiaochengDistrict of Bozhou City is the main region of tobacco-planting of North Anhui, but the potassium content is low in the tobacco leaves. In order to disclose the potassium status in soils and their changes, this study collected soil samples in the year of 2013 from the plough horizons of 90 typical fields in Qiaoch District, analyzed the contents of total potassium (TK), slowly available potassium (SAK) and rapidly available potassium(RAK), compared these data with the corresponding historical data obtained in the 2nd national soil survey of 1980s. The results showed that:1) TK content is low while SAK and RAK contents generally are high. SAK content are lower in northwest, south and east regions, RAK are lower in the north of Guo River. 2) compared to the corresponding data obtained in 1980s, RAK contents increased in plough horizons where no tobacco was planted, but kept rough balance or decreased in plough horizons where tobacco were planted. 3) SAK and RAK contents are lower in the current main tobacco-planting region of northwest, so it should increase the application amount of potassium fertilizers and plant more tobacco in the southwest region and middle region where SAK and RAK contents are higher.