呼和浩特市及召河等地牛乳微生物生态学初探

从呼和浩特市及召河等几个不同地区的鲜牛乳及部分乳制品中随机取样,通过细菌总数和细胞数的直接记数法,以及用各种鉴别培养基对乳样中微生物种类进行了分离培养及初步鉴定。发现这几个地区鲜牛乳及乳制品中都含有链球菌、乳杆菌、酵母菌、霉菌、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、低温菌。其中以乳杆菌、链球菌、低温菌的含量为高。同一乳样中,含菌量的排列顺序是:链球菌>乳杆菌>低温菌>酵母菌>霉菌>葡萄球菌>大肠杆菌。乳制品中含菌量的顺序是:乳杆菌>链球菌>低温菌>酵母菌>霉菌>大肠杆菌>葡萄球菌。另外,经分析发现,这几个地区鲜牛乳中菌数的含量差异很大,其中以 B 场的含量为最高,A 场次之,Z 地区的含菌量为最少。而且葡萄球菌,霉菌、大肠杆菌以及总菌数含量高的乳样,其细胞数的含量也相应地较高。

A Prilirninary Study on the Microoganism Ecoiogy of the Milk Produced in Huhhot City and Zaohe Township

Samples of milk and milk products were taken from Huhhot City'and S district of the City and Zaohe Township randomly.Total numberof bacteria and the number of cells were counted.Micro-organisms in thesamples were separated and identified.It was found that there werestreptococcus,Lactobacter ium,Sacoharomycete east,Fungus,Escherichiacoli,Staphylococcus and low-temperature pacteria in the samples.Thecontent of the Lactobacterium,common bacteria and the low-temperaturebacteria were higher than others.The order of amounts of bacteria inmilk sample was streptococcus,Lactobacterium,low-temperature ba(?)-teria,Saccharomycete yesa Fungus,Staphylococcus,Escherichia coli.The order of amounts of bacteria in milk products was Lactobacte rium,Streptceoccus,Low-temperature bacteria,Saccharo-mycete yeast,Fungus,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus.In addition,through analysis,we foundthat the contents of bacteria in milk taken from different area were diff-erent.If the contents of Staphylococcus,Fungus,Escherichia coli andthe total number of bacteria were high in milk,the content of cell wasalso high.