植物花部特征与访花昆虫互作关系研究进展

植物和访花昆虫是陆地生物群落的2个重要组成部分。在长期的进化过程中，开花植物与访花昆虫形成了多种形式的互作关系。在植物与访花昆虫的相互作用中，植物会演化出多样的花部特征来吸引访花昆虫，而访花昆虫对花部特征的响应及访花行为也有利于维持两者之间的相互关系。为了深入探究花部特征对访花昆虫种类及行为产生影响的现象和机制，文中综述了花部特征与访花昆虫相互作用方面的研究进展。植物的花部特征可以分为花部构成和开花式样2个层面，不同的花部特征对访花昆虫具有不同的吸引力。其中，花部构成从花的结构形态、花色、花气味、花粉和花蜜4个方面进行阐述，开花式样从开花数量、开花类型和排列方式3个方面进行阐述。在现有研究的基础上，对未来的研究方向进行了展望，以期为深入开展植物与访花昆虫的相关研究提供参考，并为生物多样性保护提供新的思路。

Research Advances in the Interactions Between Floral Traits and Flower-visiting Insects

Plants and flower-visiting insects are the two important components of terrestrial biological communities. Multiple forms of interaction have developed between flowering plants and flower-visiting insects in their long evolutionary process. In the interaction, plants will evolve a variety of floral traits to attract flower-visiting insects, and the responses of flower-visiting insects to floral traits and their flower-visiting behaviors are also conducive to maintaining the relationship between them. In order to explore the phenomenon and mechanism of the influence of floral traits on the species and behaviors of flower-visiting insects, this paper summarizes the research progress in the interaction between floral traits and flower-visiting insects. Floral traits can be categorized into floral design and floral display. Different floral traits have different attraction to flower-visiting insects. The floral design is described from the four aspects of flower structure, flower color, flower scent and pollen and nectar. The floral display is elaborated from the three aspects of flower number, flower type and arrangement pattern. On the basis of the existing research, we put forward the future research directions, with the aim at providing references for further research on plants and flower-visiting insects, and new ideas for biodiversity conservation.