麦秸还田与氮肥运筹对超级稻强弱势粒粒重与品质的影响

 以两个超级稻品种（籼稻扬两优6号和粳稻南粳45）为材料,设置麦秸还田和氮肥运筹两种处理方式，研究其对籽粒粒重与主要米质的影响。结果表明，两处理的影响程度在品种类型与不同粒位间（强、弱势粒）存在差异。与麦秸不还田相比，麦秸还田提高籽粒千粒重、粗蛋白含量和崩解值，降低了整精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量和消减值；与m基蘖肥∶m穗粒肥=5∶5处理相比，m基蘖肥∶m穗粒肥=7∶3处理增加了千粒重、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、崩解值，降低了整精米率、粗蛋白含量和消减值。两处理对弱势籽粒千粒重、整精米率、垩白度等的调控作用显著大于强势粒；对千粒重、整精米率、粗蛋白含量等的影响，麦秸还田与氮肥运筹之间存在互作效应；麦秸还田方式下，氮肥比例控制在5.5∶4.5或6∶4左右，可以较好地协调粒重与米质。

Effects of Returning Wheat-residue to Field and Nitrogen Management on Grain Weight and Quality of Superior and Inferior Grains in Super Rice

With the super indica rice Yangliangyou 6 and  japonica rice Nanjing 45 as materials, the effects of  returning wheat residue to field and nitrogen management  on grain weight and quality of superior and inferior grains were investigated. The results showed that the influence of the two treatments differed among  different cultivars and grain positions. Compared with the contrast, the 1000 grain weight (KGW), crude protein content (CPC), breakdown viscosity (BDV) increased under the treatment of  returning wheat residue to field, while the head milled rice rate (HMRR), chalkiness degree (CD), amylose content (AC) and setback viscosity (SBV) reduced. Compared with the basal to tiller fertilizer ratio of 5∶5, the KGW, CD, AC, BDV increased at  the  basal to tiller fertilizer ratio of 7∶3, while the HMRR, CPC, SBV reduced. The regulatory role in  the KGW, HMRR, CD were significantly greater in inferior grains than those in the superior grains. The interaction effects existed between nitrogen management and wheat  residue returning on KGW, HMRR, CPC. Under  the  treatment of returning  wheat residue to field, the nitrogen application at a basal to tiller fertilizer ratio of 5.5∶4.5 or 6∶4 could coordinate the formation of the grain weight and quality.