海藻酸与控释尿素配施对小麦玉米产量及土壤养分的影响

通过小麦玉米轮作盆栽试验,探讨海藻酸与控释尿素配施的增产增效机制及其对土壤养分状况的影响。以氮空白(CK0)为对照,设置常量尿素(N2A0)、常量尿素加海藻酸(N2A1)、常量控释尿素(CN2A0)、常量控释尿素加海藻酸(CN2A1)、减氮30%的尿素(N1A0)、减氮30%的尿素加海藻酸(N1A1)、减氮30%的控释尿素(CN1A0)、减氮30%的控释尿素加海藻酸(CN1A1)9个处理。结果表明:海藻酸与常量控释尿素配施处理(CN2A1)的小麦玉米产量最高分别为98.22,134.84 g/pot,增产增收效果最好,与常量控释尿素处理相比,玉米显著增产16.38%(P0.05),氮肥利用率显著提高17.79%(P0.05)。海藻酸与减氮30%控释尿素配施处理(CN1A1)较减氮30%控释尿素处理小麦玉米分别显著增产15.92%,26.05%(P0.05),氮肥利用率也显著提高(P0.05)。此外配施海藻酸处理较未加海藻酸处理叶片蒸腾速率、SPAD值和叶面积指数均有所提高。海藻酸与常量控释尿素配施与未加海藻酸的处理相比,显著增加小麦拔节期和玉米大喇叭口期的土壤NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N含量(P0.05),显著提高玉米大喇叭口期土壤速效钾含量(P0.05)。海藻酸与控释尿素配施显著提高了土壤速效氮和钾的供应强度和容量,促进了小麦、玉米的生长和产量的提高。

Effects of Combined Application of Alginic Acid and Controlled-release Urea on Yield of Wheat and Maize, and Soil Nutrient

In this study, a pot experiment of wheat-maize rotation was carried out to explore the mechanism of increasing yield and enhancing effect, and the influence on soil nutrient status of alginate and controlled release urea application. Through the pot experiment with nitrogen blank (CK0) as the control, 9 treatments were set up:normal urea (N2A0), normal urea with alginic acid (N2A1), controlled-release urea (CN2A0), controlled-release urea with alginic acid (CN2A1), reducing nitrogen 30% of urea (N1A0), reducing nitrogen 30% of urea with alginic acid (N1A1), reducing nitrogen 30% of controlled-release urea (CN1A0), reducing nitrogen 30% controlled-release urea with alginic acid (CN1A1). The results showed that the wheat and maize yield of the treatment combined application of controlled-release urea with alginic acid (CN2A1) was the highest with 98.22 and 134.84 g/pot. Compared with the treatment of controlled-release urea, the maize yield of CN2A1 was significantly increased by 16.38% (P<0.05) and the N use efficiency increased by 17.79% (P<0.05). Compared with reducing nitrogen 30% of controlled-release urea (CN1A0), the yields of wheat and maize in the treatment of reducing nitrogen 30% controlled-release urea with alginic acid (CN1A1) was significantly increased by 15.92% and 26.05% (P<0.05), respectively, and the N use efficiency was significantly increased (P<0.05). In addition, the leaf transpiration rate, SPAD value and leaf area index of treatments fertilized with alginic acid were increased compared with those without alginic acid. Compared with the treatments without alginic acid, the controlled-release urea combined with alginic acid significantly increased the contents of NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N in the soil at the jointing stage of wheat and flaring stage of maize, and significantly increased the content of soil available potassium at the flaring stage of maize. Combined application of alginic acid and controlled-release urea significantly increased the supply intensity and capacity of soil available N and K, and promoted the growth and yield of wheat and maize.